The Role of Women in Developing Countries Essay

The Role of Women in Developing Countries - Essay Example (Levy, 1988). The sociological concept of functionalism enables one to understand the importance of one's role in society. Functionalism is the perspective concerned with actions among individuals, the constraints imposed by social institutions on individuals, and links between the needs of an individual and the satisfaction of those needs through cultural and social frameworks. (Alan Barnard, 2000). It draws from the contribution of Emile Durkheim. Durkheim explained that a society functions smoothly similar to that of a healthy organism which is made of many parts put together in larger systems. These systems correspond to its own special purpose of function in consonance with the others. Durkheim stated that societies have structures similar to an organism. Social institutions just like the parts of the body also function together within larger systems. The social systems cover relations of kinship, belief, politics, and economics which are woven together as the society in the same manner that the various biological systems together form the organism. In this paper, the sociological concept of functionalism will be applied to the role of women in developing countries such as Singapore, Malaysia and Korea. Singapore is known as a patriarchal state. Malaysia is an Islamic state. Korea also adheres to the importance of a woman's work in the home. The status of women in Sing... The PAP enacted a Women's Charter whose main aim was to 'enable women to have their rights safeguarded by legislation' (Singapore Legislative Assembly Debate 6 April 1960, p. 443). The Women's Charter outlawed polygamy. The Charter also emphasizes and maintains the roles, responsibilities, duties, and rights of women within the family. Finally, the Charter protects the traditional roles of women as wives and mothers. The People's Action Party government described itself as a patriarchal state where nation and family are pre-eminent concerns. (Goh Chok Tong, 1991) The values emphasized in the White Paper are 'nation before community and society above self and 'family as a basic unit of society' (Chok Tong 1991, p. 10). This state-supported patriarchy meant re-locating women back into the home through specific rules that make her primordially responsible for child- rearing and other household duties. The modern Malaysian woman is well-educated, perceptive, independent, articulate, but also faithful to family, religion and a vision of Islamic modernity. However, challenges still remain. Malaysian women still experience serious disadvantages such as discriminatory labor laws, poor working conditions in the workplace, a neglect of rural women, problems of family workers, stresses produced by juggling the demands of daily life and the focus on the woman's reproductive role. (World Bank 1999). The Malaysian women are extensively involved in domestic, technical and other white-collar work. Malaysian female rural workers contribute to family labor. The young rural women who migrated to the city from rural villages had full employment.

Advantages of On The Job Training

Advantages of On The Job Training This paper discusses an important topic of human resource management and that is training of the employees. This caries great importance as it serves twin purposes which are that it helps in the career development of individuals and simultaneously is really healthy for the growth of an organization. First of all training is defined with preciseness yet with clarity. Then an overview is given about the need, importance and finally the sequence of events followed during the process of training. An exceptional stress is laid upon the evaluation of the training that has been given to the employees to measure its effectiveness. Later in the paper on-the-job training, the most popular method of training is discussed in detail. This method of training is critically analyzed also arguing for and against for the use of this technique in most organizations for training employees. By keeping the entire debate in focus finally the paper concludes that, by following a simple system, managers responsible for on-the-job training can greatly improve the effectiveness of their training efforts. TRAINING Training is the process of increasing the knowledge and skills for doing a particular job. It is an structured method by which people acquire knowledge and skills for a definite purpose. It basically bridges gap between job requirement and present competence of an employee. Need of Training Training is required on account of the following reasons: Job requirement: Employee selected for a job might lack the qualifications required to perform the job effectiveness. Technological changes: Technology is changing very fast. Now automation and mechanization have are being increasingly applied. Organization viability: In order to survive and grow an organization must continually adopt itself to the changing environment. Internal mobility: Training becomes necessary when an employee moves from one job to another due to promotion and transfer. Importance of Training Training is the process of imparting knowledge, skills and aptitude to perform desired job. A well planned and well executed training program can provide the following advantages: It helps in improving the level of performance and hence results in higher productivity. Uniformity of work methods and procedures helps to improve the quality of product or service A systematic training program reduces the cost and time drawn in learning. Good training helps in economical use of materials and machinery. It reduces supervision. It lowers the rate of accidents. It boosts the morale of employees to perform the task/job efficiently. Process of Training Identifying training needs: Process of training starts with identifying the need of training. Training objectives: the next step is to set training objectives in concrete terms and to decide the strategies to be adopted to achieve these objectives. Designing training program: An appropriate training policy is very important to meet the objectives. It consists of rules and procedures concerning training. Imparting training: Here employees are given training as per their requirements. Evaluating: Here the effectiveness of training is evaluated. Assessment of the usefulness of training is done to make sure that it is gainful, to identify needs to modify what is being provided, to discover new needs and redefine priorities and most importantly to ensure that the objectives of the exercise are being met. There are various methods employers use to actually deliver the training. The most popular method is on-the-job training. ON THE JOB TRAINING On-the-job training (OJT) is one of the paramount training methods because it is planned, organized, and conducted at the employees workplace. On-the-job training is usually the principal method used for augmenting employee skills and escalating output and efficiency. It is mainly suitable for developing expertise distinctive to an employees job, chiefly those positions whose work is relatively easy to learn and require locally-owned equipment and facilities. Self-esteem, high yield, and professionalism are always high in those organizations that employ a logical and reasonable on-the-job training program. On analyzing the most important requirements that are highlighted in job descriptions and specifications form the basis for setting up an on-the-job training plan. To be most effective, an on-the-job training plan should include: The area under discussion; Allocation of time to it each day; anticipated closing date; and Evaluation will be conducted in what manner. A coach should be assigned to each employee involved in on-the-job training to make it successful. All coaches are accountable and responsible for carefully planning the training and also conducting it effectively. On-the-job training is one of numerous ways by which a company might opt to impart the knowledge and skills its employees require. Every company has its own employment needs. These are dependant on the size of the company, diverse skills and information necessary to carry out particular jobs. Companies use a mixture of strategies to have a labor force which has the essential job training. This helps them to carry out all the required job functions. Structured academic learning or vocational training is the few methods usually used. On-the-job training inevitably forms some part of all teaching programs, no matter which of the tactic is used to train the employees. It is said that on the job training is an important example of an investment in human capital. Like any other investment it has initial costs and returns to these expenditures occur in future periods. These future returns are measured by increased productivity of the worker during subsequent periods of employment. (Baron.J., 1997, On the Job Training, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Kalamazoo, MI.) ON THE JOB TRAINING ADVANTAGES Conducting training in an external environment is being avoided by many companies. An inclination towards training employees within their own working environment can be seen clearly. This way they use those tools and equipment which they will be using in future to carry out their specific role in the organization. This preference is proved by Walter who introduced the Task analytical training system (TATS) model is a performance-based approach to develop, implement, and evaluate a structured on-the-job training program that can be applied to a variety of manufacturing settings. (1996, October, pg:1) The employee is given specific job training and they practice under the administration of more qualified staff. This way they gain confidence in their work. The trainer directs them how to perform the task appropriately and gives feedback immediately by pointing out any errors. This allows a new trainee to be incorporated simply and quickly into the company, in addition to the job training being modified to distinctively suit the needs of the company. Furthermore, on-the-job training makes sure that the employee is actually working as it is learning. This leads them to being further dynamic and proficient. From a financial perspective, for the company its a very cost effective method of imparting knowledge and skills that are according to the companys wants. ON THE JOB TRAINING DISADVANTAGES On-the-job training isnt always as effectual as it should be. There are many reasons to it. Firstly, its not sufficient that the employee just passes on the skills and knowledge required for the particular job. A major fact is that teaching and training is also a skill which people should have to be qualified. If they are not and are still giving training to the workforce, then this will be ill-planned and would be delivered in a way that will confuse the trainee. He wont be able to grasp the concepts, therefore revealing the poor standard of the training. To both the company and to the trainee themselves this will be counter-productive. Often, on the job training is given in a hasty manner, so that employees start working up to the mark early and to save companys money. This also does not give time to the trainer to establish the skills injected in plus doesnt allow sufficient time for feedback. Consequently on the job training turns into a waste of time. One of the pivotal mistakes a trainer can make is trying to get too much information absorbed in a short period of time. One aspect should be kept in mind that trainees are going to take long time to be able to perform the tasks as the company expects. The trainers can do the job blindfolded because this also has come due to many years of experience and unending hard work. If a company brings in an external trainer who is well equipped with all necessary tools but is completely unfamiliar with the companys operations and equipment then it has made a big mistake. Though from a financial point of view it might be cost effective but external hiring isnt always necessarily helpful. An external trainer sometimes hands over bad habits to the trainee without realizing what they are doing. This should be avoided by strict vigilance. CONCLUSION So all that we have found out by this research is, that training is an essential part of human resource management. Moreover, on-the-job training is the best method as it is economical, simple and effective and everybody can do it. It doesnt need wide-ranging budgets, complex training courses, devoted training staffs or absence from the workplace. Its effectiveness can be significantly enhanced by applying a methodical approach. Importantly, each on-the-job model has its own merits and weaknesses but they all serve the same purpose of providing the trainees with the opportunity to practice and learn by doing. If all I do is hear, I will forget If I hear and see, I will remember If I hear, see and do, I will understand. (Confucius,. 2005, April 17)

Women Entrepreneurs in the U.S. Essay -- Gender and Small Business

Across America, there is a prevalent viewpoint that women are inferior to men in the field of entrepreneurship. However, â€Å"The common perception that women primarily start small hobby-related enterprises that are less likely to grow is contradicted by substantial evidence showing that women own firms in all industrial sectors, and that many do want to grow them in size and scope,† (Brush, Carter, Gatewood, Greene, & Hart, 2001, p. 4). In the United States in 2007, nearly 7.8 million firms were women-owned (National Women’s Business Council, 2012). Some may believe that this viewpoint permeated society because men are more successful at starting businesses than women. Yet, women-led businesses are not more likely to fail than those led by men, (Rosa, Carter, & Hamilton, 1996) (Kalleberg & Leicht, 1991). That being said, women would be even more successful as entrepreneurs if they had equal access to funding as that of their male counterparts. One way businesses receive funding is through angel investors. Angels provide financial backing and bring â€Å"industry experience and a network of potentially valuable contacts (i.e. the gold-plated rolodex) that can service as intangible assets to the firm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Amatucci & Sohl, 2004, p. 186). They are focused on the success of the business, rather than gaining profit or a majority share-hold. Women receive less funding from angel investors due to the realization of stereotype threat pertaining to three traits related to success in entrepreneurship: confidence, risk tolerance, and social capital. This causes a cycle that deters female entrepreneurial success; women-led firms lack necessary start-up funds, which hinder their success, and the ability to become angel investors themselves. This cy... ...tes/default/files/NWBC%20Final%20Narrative%20Report.pdf Oster, N. (2013, November). Men vs. women: Risk aversion. In BlackRock, The Blog. Retrieved December 14, 2013, from http://www.blackrockblog.com/2013/11/06/men-women-risk-aversion/ Rosa, P., Carter, S., & Hamilton, D. (1996). Gender as a determinant of small business performance: Insights from a British study. Small Business Economics, 8(6), 463-478. Retrieved December 13, 2013, from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00390031# Sohl, J. E., & Hill, L. (2007). Women business angels: Insights from angel groups. Venture Capital, 9(3), 207-222. doi:10.1080/13691060701324536 Stengel, G. (2013). It's not just warren buffet who is bullish on women. In Forbes. Retrieved December 15, 2013, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/geristengel/2013/05/08/its-not-just-warren-buffett-who-is-bullish-on-women/

Motivational types Essay

The hypothesis for this study was â€Å"Do certain types of personality traits determine individual motivational types? † The importance of this type of study has been recognized by many researchers. For example Tett and Burnett (2003) determined that recognizing different personality types could determine how an individual might be influenced by various motivational factors which in turn reflect how productive and viable an individual might be under different work environments. The impact of finding a direct correlation between personality traits, and motivational types, could be significant in many industry fields. This paper considered the following motivational factors: money, energy from other people, the work environment, professional growth and power. In general the findings were unsurprising. For example many people mentioned that money was a motivational factor in their workplace, yet those on a higher pay were more reluctant to say so. What was interesting in this study was the apparent lack of significance of power on an individual’s motivation to work. This would suggest that there are some personality types that firstly distinguish between power in the workplace and decision making, and secondly that some individuals prefer a position where they are not called on to make decisions. In relation to whether or not an individual classified himself as a ‘private person’ and how this impacted motivation, only one scenario was considered; that of being a private person and project planning. Although the results were not definitive there was a strong suggestion that those respondents who considered themselves private people, also liked a structured work environment. This is supported by other results in the study such as the significant number of people that enjoyed working in a team environment, and those who found the energy of people around them a motivational factor. The limitations of this study included a necessary restriction on the variables studied and the small number of participants in the sample group. However many of the results found in the variables studied were quite conclusive and further study with larger respondent groups and more variables associated with different personality types could prove useful in this area. References Tett, R. P. ,&Burnett, D. D. (2003). A personality trait–based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 500-517.

Milgram and the Nazis

From the point of view of David who was unable to see the various available texts attempting to explain the atrocities of the holocaust, it may truly appear to him as if Germans had developed sadistic, twisted, abnormal personalities. He was an uninformed boy, if we would discuss to him the experiment of Milgram on obedience, perhaps it could open his mind a bit about the different factors that could have influenced the Germans to act in compliance the way they did in WWII. It is the case that Milgram conducted his research on obedience as a result of his own attempt to try and answer the cause of mayhem during the holocaust, at least to the extent that people complied to participate in such acts as merely following their orders. It appears that through the controversial Milgram experiments, Germans would have a warranted defense of merely being compliant to instructions being given out by an authority. Milgram himself did not want to make it look as if the Nazis, including Germans who aided in execution of Jews in World War Two were merely being obedient; he accepts the fact that there was an anti-Semite ideological indoctrination in play as well. Milgram’s experiment included an accomplice participant in the form of the learner, a typically Norman person randomly invited and always gets to become the teacher, and Milgram’s assistant as the experimenter. The teacher is tasked to teach the learner and whenever the latter makes a mistake he is to be administered with an electric shock that ranged from low to dangerous levels. Every time the learner commits an error, the voltage would be increased, during such increase, the learner would demonstrate suffering from pain, on later forms of the experiment, even mentioning a heart condition, pleading for the whole thing to stop (all pretend). One would think that the teachers would refuse at the onset of hearing the learner being harmed and wanting to quit. However, with the right amount of push, and command of the experimenter, 65% of the participants continued with the experiment up to the very last voltage range. Milgram’s study though was seen to be somewhat unethical, proved to be a legitimate way of explaining the pressure and high degree of compliance to a perceived higher authority. This would easily debunk the answer of David, in such a way that we could not simply assume that Germans have become or were evil people who complied because they were sadistic. Rather it is the better explanation to see that participants from everyday walks of life can act to commit evil things under certain conditions as a way of complying to orders. In a sense that what happened during the Holocaust was not committed by monsters in the form of Germans, but rather by people who were ordered to act out the wishes of a monstrous authority in form of Hitler. (Milgram, 1974) Hitler was considered a legitimate source of power and thus obedience was perceived to be the necessary response to his orders; despite these people possibly feeling stressed and personally not desiring to act in such ways. They were led to believe that it is what it is, a following of a command that was given to them as an imperative form of compliance. The participation of Germans in the execution of innocent Jews is indeed brutal to say the least, but Milgram offers through his research an explanation, in which we are able to see that these people acted as a result of situational pressure not because they had an evil character per se. They are ordinary people led to commit evil acts, although a choice was always present, it showed that the probability of defiance begin to deteriorate after adhering to a command during the initial phase. Yes, some German soldiers refused to follow the orders, but it was a significantly low percentage and prior to the actual atrocities. Non-compliance also meant being punished, thus most of Germans had to act in the way they did. David’s answer is weak. Hitler used his position to manipulate ordinary men and women to act on evil, he’s the twisted fellow, there’s no need to generalize. References: Milgram, S. (1974), Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View, New York: Harper and Row.

Free Essays on Understanding David Hayden’s Meaning Of Guns As Protection In Larry Watson’s Montana 1948

There are many guns that come in and out of David Hayden’s life in Larry Watson’s Montana 1948. As each of the guns is encountered, many meanings come to mind but of the entire meanings one is constant. The meaning of protection is always there. As he encounters each gun, David understanding of how the guns serve as a meaning for protection is reinforced. David’s images of Wes Hayden’s gun, which was acquired during an arrest of a â€Å"drunken transient†, is seen as â€Å"a small .32 automatic, Italian-made and no bigger than your palm† (17-18). David believes that compared to a â€Å"Western Colt .45† this small insignificant gun could not protect anyone (17). He compares the differing structures of the guns; the â€Å"Italian-made† is small and doesn’t feel like it would contain much fire power while the â€Å"Western Colt .45† shows strength (17). Even though Wes’s small gun â€Å"looked my like a toy†, David never attempted to play with it because it was still something that could protect his father if the moment arose (18). When Wes did carry his gun, it was in a â€Å"holster meant for a larger gun and revolver† (18). In David’s eyes, this meant that the small gun might not be able to protect the Hayden family if called upon to do so. The feeling that David has is that Wes should carry a gun like the one that his grandfather, Julian, might own in his arsenal out on the ranch. It is one of the guns in Julian’s arsenal makes it’s presence during a family trip to Minneapolis. After returning from the bar, Wes tells Gail that â€Å"Pop has pulled out that .32 revolver of his† to let â€Å"the city boy† know he is not intimidated by what he was saying (74). Julian tries to protect the boots that he loves, his life as a rancher, being an outsider in this town and being a lawman during this confrontation. David interprets the meaning of Wes’s story to be that the â€Å".32 revolver† that Julian had served as pr... Free Essays on Understanding David Hayden’s Meaning Of Guns As Protection In Larry Watson’s Montana 1948 Free Essays on Understanding David Hayden’s Meaning Of Guns As Protection In Larry Watson’s Montana 1948 There are many guns that come in and out of David Hayden’s life in Larry Watson’s Montana 1948. As each of the guns is encountered, many meanings come to mind but of the entire meanings one is constant. The meaning of protection is always there. As he encounters each gun, David understanding of how the guns serve as a meaning for protection is reinforced. David’s images of Wes Hayden’s gun, which was acquired during an arrest of a â€Å"drunken transient†, is seen as â€Å"a small .32 automatic, Italian-made and no bigger than your palm† (17-18). David believes that compared to a â€Å"Western Colt .45† this small insignificant gun could not protect anyone (17). He compares the differing structures of the guns; the â€Å"Italian-made† is small and doesn’t feel like it would contain much fire power while the â€Å"Western Colt .45† shows strength (17). Even though Wes’s small gun â€Å"looked my like a toy†, David never attempted to play with it because it was still something that could protect his father if the moment arose (18). When Wes did carry his gun, it was in a â€Å"holster meant for a larger gun and revolver† (18). In David’s eyes, this meant that the small gun might not be able to protect the Hayden family if called upon to do so. The feeling that David has is that Wes should carry a gun like the one that his grandfather, Julian, might own in his arsenal out on the ranch. It is one of the guns in Julian’s arsenal makes it’s presence during a family trip to Minneapolis. After returning from the bar, Wes tells Gail that â€Å"Pop has pulled out that .32 revolver of his† to let â€Å"the city boy† know he is not intimidated by what he was saying (74). Julian tries to protect the boots that he loves, his life as a rancher, being an outsider in this town and being a lawman during this confrontation. David interprets the meaning of Wes’s story to be that the â€Å".32 revolver† that Julian had served as pr...

Jfk Assassinaton Essays - Kennedy Family, Free Essays, Term Papers

Jfk Assassinaton Essays - Kennedy Family, Free Essays, Term Papers Jfk Assassinaton J.F.K. Assassination If Lee Harvey Oswald killed J.F.K. and it wasnt a conspiracy, then why is the government still withholding reports done on the assassination from the publics eyes, in the FBIs possession? President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 on November 22. He was elected president in 1961. First he was a senator. Then he went straight from Capitol Hill to the White House. Robert Kennedy was attorney general and was J. F. K.'s brother. He was head of the investigation of the assassination after Kennedy was killed (3: 1-5). Both Robert and J. F. K. knew that people wanted to kill them. J. F. K. didnt worry about it. But after John F. Kennedy was killed, his brother Robert Kennedy ordered that the casket was to be kept closed to public viewing. Robert thought it would have been him to get killed first, not his brother (5: 83). Robert encouraged his brother to sign three anti-crime bills. The bills targeted organized crime. They were used to stop gambling or at least crack down on it (7: NP). But even with the bills, the FBI director, Hoover, was afraid to go after the mob before the assassination because he thought his agents would become corrupt, and because Castro knew about the conspiracy against him. Hoover even told his agents that if the Mafia caught them, they would be fired and would be treated as a renegade (5: 84). The government didnt approve of the crack down on the mob that was in America. Teddy Kennedy loved busting the Mafia. People like Jimmy Hoffa. Even Frank Sinatra became close friends with Teddy, even made trips to the White House (3: 12-18). But just like his brother John, Robert was also killed (3: 105). After the assassination Robert carried on the bills and got killed also (3: 105). In 1962 Cuba was known to have missiles from the Soviet Union in Cuba. They thought Cuba or the Soviet Union would make a nuclear strike. Accused of helping the soviet union wage war on the U.S., enemies and suspects were made (7: NP). Neither the FBI nor the CIA approved of getting into the Vietnam War. They didnt approve of any of the presidents decisions (3: 105). There were three shots, even a possible four. Some people think that the last shot was one from an agents gun going off into J.F.K.s head after reacting to the shots (5: 84-85). The first shot missed. The second shot hit J.F.K.s shoulder, back, and throat; and Connallys shoulder, wrist, and leg (5: 84-85). But how could one bullet travel with that much force to go through all of that flesh? The third shot was fatal to Kennedy but was very far away, very accurate, and deadly efficient (5: 99). Even the FBIs best couldnt shot with Oswalds gun that accurately (5: 84-85). The gun was tested by the FBI and was found to be off centered. Many people coming from the grassy knoll heard the possible fourth shot. Someone was also seen running away from the knoll and was seen lingering there before the shots rang out. Whoever it was seemed to look like a FBI agent. The three shots that rang out on that very famous day can not be done in that same amount of time or with that accuracy even today ( 5: 84-85). Oswald was a very simple person with many mental problems. He mail ordered the gun that he supposedly shot Kennedy with. It only cost 21 dollars and was bought under a bogus name (5: 90). And after buying the gun Oswald had his wife take a picture of him holding the gun up by his side (3: 1-3). Why would Oswald take a picture of himself and the gun if he was planning to kill the President? You cant expect a very good shot to come from a mail order gun for 21 dollars and with a mental case handling it. During the middle of the cold war Oswald ran to Russia and came home disillusioned. Oswald tried to get citizenship in Moscow and when they refused him he cut his wrists (5: 71). And soon after Oswald met with Valery

Hay Que, Tener Que and Similar Spanish Phrases

Hay Que, Tener Que and Similar Spanish Phrases If you have to say theres something you have to do or that has to be done, heres how you can do it in Spanish. Tener Que Perhaps the most common way of saying to have to in Spanish is tener que followed by an infinitive. Tengo que pagar impuestos. (I have to pay taxes.) Mi padre tiene que ir a Barranquilla. (My father has to go to Barranquilla.) Tener que is the phrase for statements of necessity that is usually learned first by students of Spanish because it is very common and doesnt require the knowledge of any verb conjugation beyond the forms of tener. But there are other ways as well to make statements of necessity. Hay Que Another that is even easier to learn because it doesnt require any conjugation is hay que, again followed by an infinitive: Hay que ser muy listo. (It is necessary to be very ready.)  ¿Por quà © hay que usar cà ³digos? (Why is it necessary to use codes?) Necesitar Que and Es Necesario Que As might be expected, some other phrases used in statements of necessity are closely related to the word necessary. One is the impersonal verb necesitar, meaning to be necessary, which can be followed by que and a verb in the subjunctive mood. Necesito que un experto me contacte. (I need an expert to contact me. A word-for-word translation would be: I need that an expert contact me. Many of the other translations below where the subjunctive is used follow a similar pattern.) Necesitas que alguien te escuche. (You need someone to listen to you.) Similarly, it is possible to use the impersonal phrase es necesario que, which also is followed by a verb in the subjunctive. Es necesario que Europa conserve su herencia. (It is necessary for Europe to retain its heritage.) Es necesario que nos envà ­en los datos. (It is necessary for them to send us the data.) Two Es Phrases Less common than the above is the impersonal phrase es preciso, which also means it is necessary. It is usually followed by an infinitive, but it also can be followed by que and a subjunctive verb. Es preciso revisar el diseà ±o y la organizacià ³n del programa. (It is necessary to change the design and organization of the program.) Es preciso que trabajen. (It is necessary for them to work.) The impersonal phrase es importante, meaning it is important, is used in the same way, although it isnt as forceful as es necesario. Es importante saber sobre interoperabilidad. (It is important to know about interoperability.) Es importante que el sitio web està © en espaà ±ol. (It is important that the website be in Spanish.) Urgir Finally, to indicate that something is urgently necessary, it is possible to use the impersonal phrase urge que from the verb urgir, again followed by a verb in the subjunctive. Urge que Xcacel sea declarada como reserva natural protegida. (It is urgent that Xcacel be declared a natural protected reserve.) Me urge que todo el mundo lo lea. (It is urgent to me that everybody read it.) The verb urgir can also stand alone as a verb to mean to be urgently needed. Urge atencià ³n inmediata el caso de los asesinatos de mujeres en Ciudad Jurez. The case of women murdered in Cuidad Juarez urgently needs attention.) Me urge ayuda sobre los siguientes terminales. (I urgently need help with the following terms.)

Tax case meno Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tax case meno - Research Paper Example Normally, the cost of tools forms part of capital goods that the company requires to run its operation. Under the IRC section 263A, the uniform capitalization rule dictates that the taxpayer should produce information for all direct costs and certain in direct cost concerning tangible and real property. The law defines tangible and real property as those that lead to production such as to construct, build, install, manufacture, develop, improve, create, raise or grow (DiNardo, Baldwin and Harris 106). From this provision of the law, it is evident that the allowances that the company pays to cater for the cost of various tools of trade fall under capital goods and that they are tangible in nature. If this were the case, the provision of IRC section 263A, states that the taxpayer should treat such information as direct because they affect the cost of capital. It follows therefore, that Cambro Construction Company should treat the allowances it reimburses as cost for capital goods. Comb ro Company should treat this case as cost associated with tangible assets, which it uses to aid production. Therefore, the tax treatment for this case should be ordinary. Under this category, the taxpayer should accumulate all the information concerning this cost and treat them a cost of assets used in production. Thus, Cambro Construction Company should prepare tax report concerning the accumulated cost it incurred to reimburse cost for the capital goods. For a cost to qualify as capitalization cost under IRC section 263A, it must fall into the capital accounts as defined by section 1.446-1(c) (1) (ii). This provision tends to define the treatment of cost incurred by a company to buy assets or other related costs. The section 263A states that: Except as otherwise provided, direct and indirect costs that directly benefit or are incurred by reason of the performance of production or resale activities must be capitalized to the property produced or acquired for resale (DiNardo, Baldwi n and Harris 106). The provision of section 1.263A-1(e) (3) (iii) gives examples of indirect costs which the taxpayers should capitalize are tools and equipment. Further, this provision indicates that the producers must capitalize costs other interest whether incurred before, during, and after production period of property. Arguing from this provision, the cost incurred by Cambro Construction Company to reimburse the capital cost of its carpenters fall under the indirect costs. Thus, Cambro Construction Company should treat such indirect cost as provided for in the section 263A of the IRC. The must record this information whether it incurred it before, during, or after the production period. This implies that the law does not exempt the company from compiling tax information concerning the property that it acquired during its construction period. Largely, the fact that Cambro Construction Company does its activities with an aim of reselling them further makes it necessary for it to capitalize this cost. Cases bordering incidental repair of property seems to be closer to the above facts but not exact. In incidental repair, the taxpayer deducts a given cost to repair of the property with a view of prolonging the use of that property. Section 167 provides the treatment of such repairs. When a taxpayer makes full replacement for the property, the treatment that follows should be capitalization or depreciation as

The theme of Midsummer is love, but what exactly is Shakespeare saying Essay

The theme of Midsummer is love, but what exactly is Shakespeare saying about love in his play - Essay Example It cannot be understood with reasoning and cannot be bargained, as love is blind. Helena exclaims in Act 1 Scene 1 lines 234-35: Shakespeare has expressed his emotions towards love through the characters of Piramus and Thisby by showing a play-within-the-play that ends in tragedy because of a misunderstanding like it happens in the play Romeo and Juliet where both die a tragic death. Because it is a comedy, reality and consequences of love are shown in a drama by perceiving the sad end of the drama perhaps the lovers in the Midnight Summer thank their fate for resolving their misunderstandings they had in the wood for their good. There is a complex angle of love, described by Shakespeare through Lysander who finds that it is his love for Hermia the feelings of which are hidden somewhere in his psyche but when he gives vent to his emotions than hiding them, he finds that his love for Helena is much more precious that the feelings he has for Hermia. The element of supernatural interference symbolizes that things turn out finally as desired by the phenomena beyond human reasoning, as in the play it is represente d by Oberon and the fairies in the woods who decide the fate of love. Shakespeare wants to project the power of the unseen positive forces that help lovers in their own magic ways to resolve their misunderstandings. In the end, it is the celebration of love materialized into marriage; it is the romantic love for which Shakespeare is renowned in presenting dramatically. Before the comic end and climax, there are a lot of coercions to compel the lovers to bow before the anti powers. True love is not easy to comprehend; related feelings of lust, hatred, and jealousy affect the natural process and flow of love. Love represents care, faith, affection and closeness in love relations, which Shakespeare is actually saying that true love can not be realized without facing opposition. Fate plays an

A Women's Dillema Between Her work and Family Essay

A Women's Dillema Between Her work and Family - Essay Example At the lunch hour, she picks all of her children, drop them home and then returns to work. By the time she gets home in the evening, she is drop dead tired, but she still fix a decent meal for her family and put all of her children to bed before she retires herself. She also watches television with her husband and has healthy discussions about family matters, politics and work related issues. Before she hits the bed, she irons everyone’s clothes for the next day and then manages to get a shut eye of five hours, at most. On Sundays she does all the extra work like grocery shopping and laundry. She is a perfect example of what we call as a super lady. Though, Alena dutifully accomplishes all her responsibilities, she still gets to face her husband’s sarcasm about how she didn’t groom her children properly because she’s been working. She has to hear her children’s complaints about how she doesn’t look after them that well though she doesn’t lack anywhere. Women today have to face a lot of challenges when they decide to satiate the career oriented lady in them ranging from society’s disapproval to the family’s grunts. The statuses of working women have become better than what it was some 20-30 years ago. Isn’t it an accomplishment that they are not regarded as careless vamps who had no rights to vote

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

English - Essay Example Indeed, benefits to Britain’s economic vitality have been well documented. But the arts and cultural pursuits in Britain have long played a far more profound and spiritual role than pounds and pennies, one that inspires and replenishes the soul. â€Å"The arts broaden horizons, stimulate new thinking, provide pleasure and raise aspirations – they inspire and sustain the spirit. More people are enjoying the arts than ever before (76 percent in 2008-09)† (â€Å"Why the Arts Matter,† 2010). Nevertheless, a crippling economic downturn and Europe’s largest budget deficit have raised a stumbling block that may well prove insurmountable for the arts’ single greatest patron – the British government. Name 2 Background Cuts as high as 40 percent come as hard news for arts and cultural institutions nationwide, which have benefited from an unprecedented growth in government funding over the past decade. Between 2000 and 2010, there has been an inc rease of approximately ?200 million in arts funding. In London, many arts organizations receive as much as 50 percent of their funding from the government. The impact on the city’s cultural life could be massive. London’s venerable museums may have to charge admission, a move that could cut deeply into the tourism market (Faoila, 2010). MPs have expressed concern over the curtailment of artistic activities and events and have recommended a program that would reward regional philanthropy in an effort to mitigate the damage (Phillips, 2011). Britain boasts a grand, centuries-old cultural heritage: one need only stroll through Westminster, where lie Dickens, Chaucer, Tennyson and other luminaries, to appreciate the nation’s unique contribution to Western civilization. As such, the likelihood that Britain’s coalition government could drastically curtail, or discontinue, funding for Britain’s cultural institutions amounts to nothing less than a national crisis of identity. For a nation deep in the grips of a persistent recession, adopting the American model of private philanthropy may do irreparable damage to Britain’s vibrant arts community (Faiola, 2010). With no government-sponsored alternatives on the horizon, Britons is facing a permanent marginalization of the arts, not in the short term but over time, proceeding almost imperceptibly, gradually blotting out some of the brightest stars in Britain’s cultural firmament. Name 3 Shakespeare under siege One could as well imagine the pawning of the crown jewels as entertain the possibility that The Royal Shakespeare Company could fall victim to the balance sheet. But in a report to Parliament, the company warned of dire consequences should budget cuts proceed under the current plans, which make it clear that cuts on the scale proposed (25 – 40 percent) will have real and significant impact for the arts and for the audience who enjoy them. Most likely for us it will mean fewer productions, less touring, and a curtailment of the free events and educational activities which help us reach new audiences† (â€Å"Parliamentary business,† 2011). This holds dire regional repercussions, given the presence the company maintains throughout the country. More specifically, the New Vic Theater in North Staffordshire, which receives about 30 percent of its funding through the Arts Council, played host to 175,000 visitors in 2010. This is significant, since the theater earns about 60 percent of its income

Rachel Carson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rachel Carson - Essay Example During the earth’s day, the book "On a Farther Shore: The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson," is the most appropriate book for discussion. Seemingly, Souder has taken a very important role of re-energizing the campaign established by Rachel Carson. If vibrant people such as Souder do not renew such heightened campaigns for a better world, then people will soon forget and result to environmental pollution. It is also interesting to note that Souder has also authored â€Å"A Plague of Frogs,† an environmental book talking about frogs that have been mutated by environmental degradation through indiscriminate use of pesticides. Considering Carson was specifically notable for advocating against indiscriminate use of pesticides, then Souder can be said to be the best speaker on this day. The most striking thing about Sounder is the way he champions for environmental conservation through other people stories and biographies. For instance, he also wrote â€Å"Under a Wild Sky,à ¢â‚¬  a story of a bird scientist John Audubon. Therefore, Souder is remarkably an environment ambassador and therefore the best speaker on issues of environmental

Night Mist By Jackson Pollack 1945 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Night Mist By Jackson Pollack 1945 - Essay Example icious and what drove things up a notch was that he was an alcoholic and is said to have had bipolar disorder as well, both of which he combated through his art and artistic expression. Pollock died at the age of 44 in a car accident. Abstract expressionism was categorical of a passing era in the 20th century. This was a time when Europe was aging and America was young and getting on its feet. The Second World War had just ended and Europe had been so badly affected by it that it was going to declare itself bankrupt. America was a fledgling and attached itself to Europe’s values because it didn’t know any better and thus was also affected indirectly by the changes that affected Europe directly. (Rodgers). Art historians have determined that there is a strong link between abstract expressionism in this era and the consequent emergence of modern art, most specifically the work of impressionists, cubists and surrealists. (Rodgers). Further, Jackson Pollock himself drew inspiration of his work from the works of Pablo Picasso and was deeply influenced by him as an artist. If abstract expressionism is to be properly analyzed and understood, the viewer needs to look at the subject matter or content of the painting. The subject is exhibited in the painting through a process and can be analyzed by looking at the different gestures in the painting and the range and depth of the colors used. (Rodgers). Pollock’s painting has a lot of anger in it. He incorporates his anger in the process of his painting, and as is the specialty of abstract expressionism, it shows clearly in the final product. He is one of the most controversial and influential artists of this century. His works were very original, each piece completely different from the next and in addition to that, his works are studied for their use of scale, texture and color. (Molyneux). People study art with preconceptions in their minds. According to Jackson Pollock, there are at least 5 things that effect

Rachel Carson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rachel Carson - Essay Example During the earth’s day, the book "On a Farther Shore: The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson," is the most appropriate book for discussion. Seemingly, Souder has taken a very important role of re-energizing the campaign established by Rachel Carson. If vibrant people such as Souder do not renew such heightened campaigns for a better world, then people will soon forget and result to environmental pollution. It is also interesting to note that Souder has also authored â€Å"A Plague of Frogs,† an environmental book talking about frogs that have been mutated by environmental degradation through indiscriminate use of pesticides. Considering Carson was specifically notable for advocating against indiscriminate use of pesticides, then Souder can be said to be the best speaker on this day. The most striking thing about Sounder is the way he champions for environmental conservation through other people stories and biographies. For instance, he also wrote â€Å"Under a Wild Sky,à ¢â‚¬  a story of a bird scientist John Audubon. Therefore, Souder is remarkably an environment ambassador and therefore the best speaker on issues of environmental

How do Consumer Characteristics Influence Buying Behavior Research Paper

How do Consumer Characteristics Influence Buying Behavior - Research Paper Example On the contrary, previously marketers and organizations were able to comprehend the consumers buying behaviors and patterns through their experiences of selling the products to the consumers. However, firms and marketing decision makers lost direct contact with the customers with the augmentation of the market and organizations. Therefore, consumer-buying behavior is one of the most significant aspects for the organizations in today’s time to be acquainted with the buying patterns and habits of the consumers so that they can focus on their products or services to the market (Pride  & Ferrell, 2008). Since the consumer market profoundly depends upon the buying behaviors of the customers, therefore organizations should understand the market before developing or designing any marketing strategies. As a result, to the constantly changing buying patterns of the consumers, consumer research has become one of the imperative methods for the marketers and enterprises where they are s pending millions of dollars for the study of consumer habits. Moreover, consumer research allows the marketers to gain more knowledge about the consumer behavior and their habits of buying a particular product or service. Furthermore, this research also makes the enterprise identify and recognize with the response of the customer towards the overall product that include its features, price, advertising and several others over its competitors (Pride  & Ferrell, 2008). The research will also lead to the surveillance that consumer enormously varies in age, income, education, taste and quite a lot of other factors. In addition, the consumer characteristics that influence their purchasing habits also include elements such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics. Therefore, the consumer research findings provide a great deal of assistance to the firms, as they are then able to determine the strong association between the marketing stimulus and the customer react ion. In addition, the consumer characteristics that deeply persuade the buying behaviors are constructive and valuable for the marketers to identify and understand the consumers that the firms are making an effort to influence them (Pride  & Ferrell, 2008). In particular, the researcher will put efforts on the below mentioned research statement to achieve aims and objectives of the research: â€Å"To identify and analyze the influence of consumer characteristics on buying behavior?† Background Information Back in the old days, it was easier to determine what makes consumers buy what they buy. A market was just that- a marketplace. Bazaars and shops directly dealt with the customers they were selling products to and thus were aware of the moods and preference as well as how different contexts influence the consumption of various products (Pride & Ferrell, 2010). However, as time passed and the trade industry expanded, shops grew into brands and brands became large multinatio nal companies, making it much more difficult for the shopkeepers to interact with the public to find out about their preferences (Pride & Ferrell, 2007). Thus, these companies started hiring firms and people whose only job was to find out what consumer behaviors affects their purchase and consumption of va

Group Work and Language Learning

Group Work and Language Learning Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Introduction This chapter consists of the rationale behind my decision of having the thesis subject, and the way I found out the problem that my first year students have in speaking activities. Finally, they are the scope; the objectives, research questions, methods and design of this study are also begun. 1.2. Rationale In recent years, English has been considered one of some important subjects and a compulsory one for Vietnamese students. Better English, better careers was the answer given by many of them when they told about their purpose of learning this language. In their daily life, it cant be denied that this international language may help them prepare better for their career in the future because it does not only equip learners with a necessary source of information of social and culture knowledge but also gives them up-to-date information concerning a different issues in our society nowadays. Especially, our countrys recent regional and global participation has been increasing the demand for English speaking people, who are wanted to communicate with the outside world and access up- to- date technology. Vietnamese students are creative however there are many problems facing them when they speak this language, especially the first year students at HUBT. Among them, the problem of oral communication seems to be the most serious one. Teaching this language has been had necessary help from educators but having the best appropriate teaching method which may meet the need of the education and the society is still considered a big question for teachers of English in Vietnam. There have been some important changes in the teaching and learning this language in recent years because of big efforts from many international organizations and educational projects. Different modern approaches, techniques and methods on the teaching of this language have been applied in many universities, colleges and high schools. Generations of teachers of English are trying their best to have the best result in their career and in the classrooms contexts. 1.3. Finding out the problem. During learning English, speaking skill is one of the most necessary ones that can help students have a better job. For many years in teaching, teachers may know that learners would like to speak but they feel they have not enough confidence. As a fact they can think that, this language is not easy so they are not interested in learning, especially in speaking. This action research study of how to promote learners speaking through group work activities is very good because that may also give students more opportunities to improve other skill better. According to Richards (2000, p3): Employers too insist their employees have good English language skills and fluency in English is a prerequisite for success and advancement in many fields of employment in todays world. Focusing on English learners communication skills is an important idea to help them make progress in speaking. Wongsuwana (2006, p 44) shows that speech could be trained and it does not depend on talent anymore or talent is not the most important thing. In addition, Edge (1993, p17) points out the importance of communication that communication is at the heart of modern English Language Teaching, the part of the learning process and the goal of language teaching. However, most students do not have enough opportunities to speak English in an English environment that is why speaking this language has not had the best result. The first year students are from different areas in Vietnam. Maybe they were good at grammar but they have a lot of difficulties in speaking. They feel shy when they speak because they did not have a lot of chances to practice English in communication or for interaction in their daily life. Students from rural areas, sometimes had worse speaking skills than those from big cities. During speaking lessons, the strong students are very confident and the weak ones are afraid of speaking. Therefore, it is necessary to find out some solutions to this problem that the first year students have more chances to communicate with each other as well as to speak to each other in a so-called close-to-real English speaking condition. One of the strategies that reflects the principle of learner centeredness is group work. According to Nuna n and Lamb (1996, p, 142) group work is designed as any classroom activity in which learners perform collaborative tasks with one or more speakers. It has been considered one of the main changes to the dynamics of classroom interaction wrought by students-centered teaching. Moreover this speaking activity is able to increase the amount of active speaking and listening undertaken by all the learners in the language class. Conclusively, group work is the best way to have success in learner centered approach. This kind of speaking activities has had more and more emphasis in language classroom and it is used in encouraging learners oral practice. Participating in group, learners can join actively in the learning process. They do not have to sit passively and listen to their teacher. For all the above good points, it is willing for me to propose Group work as an approach to improving speaking skills for the first year non- major students of English at HUBT as the subject of this study. 1.4. Scope of the study. This study was taken place with the first year students who were learning English as a normal subject. Maybe, the study could not cover all the problems 1st students dealt with in using group work because it was limited to the investigation of learners attitudes towards group work, the level of learners participation in group activities 1.5 Objective of the study. There have been many studies on the spoken English teaching group work so far. Therefore, this study does not claim to introduce a new way of English teaching method. The main objective of the study is for the benefits of the learners, and the study will be a source of materials for teachers of English on the teaching of speaking skill, who consider group work as one of some important educational ways to help students speak better. To be more specific, the main objective is: To investigate the effects of group work on students speaking skill and its results. With this objective, the research questions are: 1. What are the learners attitudes towards group work? 2. What are the effects of group work on learners speaking skills? 1.6. Organization of the study The study consists of 5 main chapters: Introduction, Literature review, Methodology, Finding and discussion, and the last one is Conclusion. Chapter 2: Literature review This chapter presents major issues that relate to the theory of communicative learning in general and in language teaching in particular. The main features are taken into consideration, the concepts related to the study including the communication language teaching and the teaching of speaking skill, the definition of group work. Finally, they are benefits of group work. 2.1. Definition of Communicate language teaching and the teaching of speaking skill CLT is the latest influence on language teaching in Vietnamese education. CLT is considered as a broad approach to teach and results from a focus on communication as the organizing principle for the teaching rather than a focus on mastering of grammatical system of the language. Many different of CLT have been provided so far so it is not easy to show which a standard one is. Byrne (1981, p71) shows that the communicative approach allows many interactive oral activities in the classroom. Learners learn to use the English language, not English usages, to speak better in communication. They participate in group work (including of more than 2 students), play their own roles to speak to others, who have the same role, so each of them make intentional utterances that can help them have the best result and reach their goal in the shortest time. Learners are introduced to clear targets by their teacher and teachers may create communicative conditions, go round, and participate in the activities to help their students. Nunan (1989, p94) points out the approach which consists of aspects common to some definitions of CLT: CTL review language as a system for the expression of meaning. Activities involve oral communication, carrying out meaning tasks and using language, which is meaningful to the learners. Objectives reflect the needs of the learners. They consist of functional skills as well as linguistic objectives. The learners role is as a negotiator and integrator. The teacher role is as a facilitator of the communication process. Materials promote communicative language use; they are task based authentic. This definition shows a clear view of understanding and explaining language acquisition. It is socially constructed and may be effect when exploiting to teach language speaking. In communication, speaking plays an important role. The nature of speaking, both the element of pronunciation and connected speech, and the pragmatic aspects, has been discussed to examine by some well- known scholars and linguists. Brown (1994, p256 ) shows many of the characteristics such as the reduced forms, the stress, rhythm and intonation, the clustering, the colloquialism, the affective factors and the interaction, that could make oral performance not easy. From these writers support, it is easy to realize that the good results of communication consist of many features. They are the ability to articulate phonological ones of the language, the suitable degree of fluency, the mastery of stress intonation patterns, rhythm and etc 1. The development of CLT has had implications, which are necessary for students to develop their speaking ability through cooperative learning. Moreover, it gives students many chances to speak the language with appropriate learning conditions. 2.2. Group work 2.2.1. Definitions of group work. Group work is considered one of the important factors to improve learners communication. Different individuals have developed many approaches to group work over the last time. Group work is defined by Johnson, Johnson and Smith (1991, p15) as group work, in language class, is a co- operative activity, during which students share aims and responsibilities to complete a task assigned by the teacher in groups or in pair. It is said that, in group work, students learn to listen to different ideas, learn to discuss and to negotiate. They take part in equally and sometimes they feel comfortable to experiment and speak the language. Every member has more opportunities for independence and they can have some learning decisions. David (1993) shows that group work activity consists of three general types. The first one is informal learning group. The second one is formal learning group. The last one is the study teams. From these definitions of group type, the first one is more suitable for the term group work activities described in this study. This means that learners are required to have small groups from 3 or more members to work on a speaking task. 2.2.2. Benefits of using group work activities in language teaching. There are many sorts of activities in speaking lesson. They are discussions, dialogues, etc. These activities are often used in group work and have a lot of advantages. Firstly, students responsibility and autonomy are promoted through group work activities. All students work together, share their ideas, and always want to reach the goal in group activities. In addition, one of their main tasks is being in charge of their group activities. Every learner is in charge of his own and each others speaking, so there is a friendly help and high personal interdependence between them. Doff states: Group work and pair wok encourage students to share ideas knowledge. In a reading activity, students can help each other to explore the meaning of a text, in a discussion activity; students can give each other new ideas. (Doff, 1988). Secondly, learners participation, talking time and oral fluency are improved through group. As for Ur (1996, p 232), students can have a learning task during small interaction in group work and it is considered as a kind of their activation and is very valuable for practicing of fluency in speaking. There are 5 groups in a class; students can get 5 times as some chance to speak as in a big class. Finally, the students motivation is improved through group work activities. . Group-work activity can allow participants to use the language. Moreover, it is one of the most effective ways to motivate participants to become more involved. Richards and Loc Khart (1994) point out that, students not only play more active roles in the learning process but also get the benefits of sharing ideas with their team member through taking part in groups. Doff (1988, p141) states students fell less anxiety when they are privately than when they are on shown in front of the whole class. Pair work and group-work can help shy students, who would never say anything in a whole class activity The source of benefits of group-work can be seen in many different fields, consists of improving students speaking skill. In the best group-work activity in a language classroom, the participants of a learning group can benefit in several ways. By dividing the class into group, a new social context in created whereby learners get the opportunity to share individual cognitions with their group mates and decide on a conclusion based on the sum of these cognitions. In general, group work has had a lot of emphasis in language classroom and its activities are taken place in some ways of the second language instructions, especially in encouraging learners face to face practice. However, group activities still have got many problems when some students control the group a lot and make others uncomfortable, so how to organize group work effectively is the big question for educators and language teachers, who consider group wok as one of the best ways to improve students speaking skill. Chapter 3: Methodology. Chapter 3 presents the methodology of the study. The methods used in this study includes both quantitative and qualitative. 3.1. Research design. There have been many methods provided to be used in the way of applied linguistics. They are experimental method, case study but Action Research was chosen in this study because it includes many advantages and it is one of the most effective ways to obtain more objective and reliable information, including observation and interview. 3.2 Participants. The students were in the last term (or second term) of the first year at the University. They are in class KT 1421, Account Department, and learned in a small sized class of 25 ones, including 15 girls and 10 boys. Each class has one private room to study and they attend 10 class hours of English in a week. They are from 18 to 19 years old. Some of them, especially students from big cities, studied English at high school for 7 years, and others, who come from different provinces, finished this language for only 3 years. Although their English knowledge was not the same, they have to study the same level Elementary at University. 3.2 The procedures of the study. 3.2.1 Problem identification During organizing group work activities, due to my experience in teaching and a lot of discussions between me and my first year students, I found out a problem: students lack of interest in participating in group work activities so this speaking activity has not had the best result. 3.2.2 Collecting data To clarify the problem, a student interview was chosen because it has many advantages. Nunan (1987, p150) states it gives the interviewee a degree of power and control over the course of interviewer a great deal of flexibility. The purpose of the interview was to get students opinions about group work activities and the causes of this problem. The interviewer is a teacher of English- a researcher of this study. The interviewees are 6 students from 3 groups which were divided by the researcher. The first group is a weak one, consisting of unconfident students. They are very shy and sometimes lazy with speaking activities. The students in this group were quite and passive, they seemed to keep silent and listen to other team members most of the time. They are 8 students, and often got bad mark (mark 5 or 4) in a pre- test speaking. The second one is a strong group, including dynamic, enthusiastic and hard working students in the study (9 out of 25 students). Most of them were really active and talkative and dominant in group activities. In last test speaking, they got good mark (mark 7.5, 8 and 9).They are always successful in every speaking activity The last group consists of students, whose performance at speaking lesson, especially group work activities is indifferent. Maybe they are not lazy but they are lack of English speaking skill. They shared 33 % (8 students in the class). Mark 6 or 6.5. They do not make noise in the class but their result in studying is not always excellent. 3.2.3. Analyzing data. The information collected from the interview will be discussed in detailed in section 4.1- the initial 3.2.4. Planning action Basing on the findings from the initial data, the solution chosen is to rearrange students seats in group work activities and reconsider the way of teaching. More details will showed in 4.2.2 3.2.5. Implementing the action plan The action plan implementation lasted during 3 weeks, with the participations of the teacher and 25 students in class Kt 1421. 3.2.6 Collecting post- data. Attitude interview was used to collect data in order to find out where group work activities improve their speaking skill. Moreover, I would like to discover the students attitudes towards this speaking activity. 3.2.7 Analyzingpost data This action was evaluated on the results collected from the post data. Some recommendations for other research were presented from the results of the action research. An interview was chosen as a data collection instrument for this study.. The interview was designed by the teacher, based on information I would like to find. The students interview consisted of 5 questions. (See appendix 1). In order to help interviewees understand all the questions clearly, 5 questions were translated into Vietnamese. Chapter 4: Result and discussions This chapter provides the results of the action research. The presentation consists of the description of the initial result from the interview, the information on the findings from this result. 4.1. Initial data. 4.1.1 Results from pre-students interview. Question 1: The students self assessment of their English speaking skill in group work activities. Most of the students (4 out of 6) admitted that their speaking skill in group works discussions was bad, even very bad. They found it very complicated .Only one third (2 out of 6 students) started that the speaking skill was not a big problem in their English learning. Question 2: Students interest in taking part in group work activities. Question 2 asked students if they liked to participate in group work activities. Students answers showed that a majority (4 out of 6) said no to the question. They are from the first and the last group. In their opinions, they would like to have more help from their classmates, whose English is better than their because they are lack of speaking skill and afraid of asking their teacher a lot. Only one third of students (2 out of 6) expressed that they are interested in this speaking activity because it allows them have more opportunities to practice in English. Question 3: Difficulties of learners while participating. Question 3 aimed to collect difficulties the students had to deal with while taking part in group work activities. Two students from the weak group complained that they had a lot of difficulties and the most difficult one is without a leader team. They did not know what to say, how to start and express their ideas, their opinions in English with a topic in discussions. Two other students from the last group mentioned that they had too much difficulty. They often could not understand clearly all the noun phrases and expressions when their teacher taught and explained in English. That was the main reason that they often spent time chatting or reading funny stories and made noise in the class. Other members English level is the same so they would like to have a chance in their sitting in group work activities. Only one third (2 out of 6),who are very confident and independent in studying, started that they did not have any difficulties in every group work speaking activity but sometime they were not satisfied when there was too much noise from the weak group.. Question 4: Learners attitude towards teachers monitoring their seats in group work activities. As can been seen in questions result, a majority students were looking forward to it (4 out of 6). They are from group one and three. One student from the strong one was not ready to accept that. She was afraid that, she is willing to help team mates but she would spend too much time explaining lessons for the weak ones in the team. The last student from the strong group had positive attitude towards changing their seats. Question 5: Learners opinion kids of team member they like to work with. Six interviewees had the same opinion that they do not care of this. 4.1.2. Finding from the initial data As can be seen from the data analysis from students interview, the first year students would like to take part in group work activities until there will be some chances in organizing, especially their seats, and team members. Most of them, especially from the first and the last group are looking forward to this. In addition to this, I try to explain lessons more clearly to help students understand better. In order to overcome these problems, I should think about how to arrange group work activities that they can work effectively and better and what to do to make the activities been done properly. When organizing group work, the first point should be taken into consideration is the selection of group work member. The students always sit in the same place since it means that they will always be in the same group, which can give rise to boredom over a prolonged period. From the identification of this problem mentioned above, the following hypothesis was chosen: If the teacher rearranges students seats in group work activities and changes something in the way of teaching, students will be full of interest in participating in group work activities, and their speaking skill will be better. 4.2. Action Plan The action plan was conducted to check the chosen hypothesis and more importantly to give the answer to the 2 Research Questions. The action implementation was taken place for 3 weeks, during 6 class hours of English with these steps: The first, students are not allowed to choose their partners or group mates because this happened in the first term and better students often sat together and so did the weak ones. Participants are in mixed ability group, consisting 4 members. A group should have a mixture of a weaker and a stronger student since the more able students can help their less fluent or knowledgeable friends, the process of helping will such strong students to understand more about the language themselves. Secondly, I had better to take some important things into my consideration to overcome these problems mentioned above such as instructions, monitoring. Presenting the activity to the class will be a major in its success. Therefore, it is a good idea for me to keep instruction simply and if necessary can use the mother tongue, however I also should try to use English as much as possible because both explaining and evaluating activities is a very real use of language in a classroom situation. Providing many examples and giving the learners a trial run are usually good ideas. Moreover, when activities are in progress, my main task is to move around the class and to listen in directly in order to find out how the participants are getting on well. I think, I should not correct students mistakes of language during a group activity but I should make a note of them and use them as the basis of feedback. The participants should be told that the teacher is available for consultation if they ne ed During 6 class hours, students in 3 groups were divided in different groups with separated roles. The students from the weak one had help from new group members, seemed to take part in discussions actively and the strong ones had opportunities to help their friends. They discussed together positively with their opinions. Post-interview was used to collect post- data after the action plan finished. The five pre-interview questions were used again. Result from post-interview Students problems Pre-action Post-action Noise from weak group 2 0 Fear of speaking 4 2 Low participation 2 0 Use of mother tongue 2 0 Difficulty in understanding lessons 4 1 Arrange their seats in group work activities 4 0 It is clear from the pre-interview results that most students problems have been reduced. There was not noise in group work activities. Only two students from the weak group were still shy when they spoke. They used to keep silent during group work activities, but now their participation is not low. They started to have ideas in groups discussions. Four students from the first and the last group complained about their difficulties in participating. After 3 weeks, they had a little one because of rearranging their seats and having a leader team. It is very helpful for them to speak English better. Most of students are interested in their new seat Chapter 5: Conclusion 5.1. Summary of the study It is not a new idea to use group work activities in improving learners speaking ability. In many educators opinions, this speaking ability no doubt gives big and necessary benefits not only teachers but also learners. In this study, the effects of group work on the students participation and achievement have been shown and learners attitude towards this speaking activity bas been investigated. The study has presented many good results through regards to quantitative and qualitative analysis. The first, a lot of students as the participants in the research expressed their interest in taking part in group work activities. The second, through the implementation of this research, the stronger and friendlier relationship between team members has been proved. Most of the students showed that their speaking skills in English were developed and improved significantly. Therefore this research helped me and my colleagues have more chances to know students weaknesses and strengths during their participating as well as their desires, feelings, difficulties and expectations revealed through their roles. It is valuable source of personal information for teacher to know and helps the teacher adjust and strengthen her role as a facilitator, an educator and a teacher in classroom activities. The increasing quantity of learners interaction in the post- group work activities support the opinion that a lot of students in a group worked more effectively with each other in order to reach the goal of the group by the way they asked question, responded others, clarified and explained opinions and ideas to team members. The weak students were more confident when they asked for help from better members in the group as the participants were willing and ready to help. Moreover they felt comfortable to encourage the weak ones to participate in practicing group work activities as the good students find out that through doing these things, their oral communication skills and many other academic skills, for example level thinking skill, critical thinking skill to explain evaluate , discuss, formulate ideahave been improved. Using group work effectively can help students become more independent, confident and responsible. This is very good because they can have and use many suitable lea rning strategies in their studying for a long time. 5.2. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies. This action was made to improve teaching and learning in group work activities. Like many action research, obviously it has limitations. Firstly, the finding could not be generalized and should be interpreted with caution by using to other contexts. Secondly, the participants are only the first year students not the second or third ones, who have more experience in learning English and in taking part in a teamwork. Moreover, only the way to develop speaking skill is showed while group work activities could be used to teaching other integrated skill for students such as listening, writing, reading and of course, speaking. 5.3. Pedagogical implications of the study English lessons are considered good opportunities to practice this language. Students can have help from their teachers and their classmates. Moreover, to encourage students on the initial trying of studying and improving their practicing English, teachers of English may supply some investment to organize and use the program on a bigger scale such as student-organized English speaking clubs, English students newspaper that provide necessary experience in learning this language, important knowledge and main skill to learn English better. In addition, when organizing group work activities, these important factors should be taken into consideration: setting up a group work activity, managing group work effectively, organizing group successfully. Further more, the realization of this study has showed the orientation and showed the practicality of using group work in teaching English in Vietnamese education, especially in university context, where a lot of teachers use traditional approach and students depend on them a lot. Group work activities are very important and necessary for Vietnamese students, especially the first year students, who have finished high school, where teachers use traditional methods of teaching English a lot. Participating in group work activities can help them improve their independent working, have more critical thinking skills. REFERENCES: Byrne, D (1981). Communication in the classroom. England: Longman.

Korean Pop (K-POP) Essay -- Music Musical History Korea Essays

Korean Pop (K-POP) K-pop is short for K = Korean and pop = pop. So what is K-pop? Korean pop. But what really is it? It is the pop of Korea. (No one really knows.) However, there is evidence that it is used for non-ceremonial purposes on the historic peninsula of Korea. Korean pop music happens to be very popular in Korea. It is most popular among the youth of Korea. For the purpose of clarity for this one-thousand-word essay, the youth is defined roughly as ages 0 - 22. Now, there is a phenomenon that occurs with Korean pop music and older Koreans. This phenomenon is a distinct characteristic of Korean pop that separates it from the older Korean pop music of the seventies. This phenomenon is that the older Korean people do not understand the words that come out of the mouths of the singers of Korean pop music that pumps out of the music industry of today in the nation of Korea. This phenomenon parallels that of the pop music of the biggest country of North America—also known by many humans as the United States of America—where older people have trouble connecting with the popular trends in music. This might be illustrated by American people who tend to like country music. If it is not obvious, fans of country music like country music because, as the author of this text has heard, "you can understand [the words]". It is also the tendency that fans of pop music dislike country. These two seem to be mutually exclusive musical tastes. In fact, the older pop of Korea, in the opinion of the author of this text, sounds like country just a wee bit. Trends tend to have the effect that older people can’t understand the words that come out of the mouths of the setters of the trends. Back to our first topic, what is K-pop? It is... ... the rest of the conversation. When asked ‘what you would like to receive as a present for Christmas’ Britney replied, ‘Clothes and accessories’ from which BoA replied, ‘me too’, ending their conversation. However, Britney who had been requesting many fussy conditions during her stay in Korea, left as soon as the concert finished, leaving no further chance for the two stars to talk and the fans disappointed†. In conclusion, K-pop is just like A-pop, with sometimes less talent, sometimes more. Only one thing is certain, eh-hem, analytic and a priori: What exists exists to not not exist. All else: non-analytic, non-empirical. In your head, son. Bibliography KPop Music Video, www.kpopmusic.co.uk KPOP Music.com, www.kpopmusic.com/ solid07 - #1 stop for kpop, www.solid07.net :+: kpop forum :+:, www.kpopforum.cjb.net Kpop.co.uk, www.kpop.co.uk Korean Pop (K-POP) Essay -- Music Musical History Korea Essays Korean Pop (K-POP) K-pop is short for K = Korean and pop = pop. So what is K-pop? Korean pop. But what really is it? It is the pop of Korea. (No one really knows.) However, there is evidence that it is used for non-ceremonial purposes on the historic peninsula of Korea. Korean pop music happens to be very popular in Korea. It is most popular among the youth of Korea. For the purpose of clarity for this one-thousand-word essay, the youth is defined roughly as ages 0 - 22. Now, there is a phenomenon that occurs with Korean pop music and older Koreans. This phenomenon is a distinct characteristic of Korean pop that separates it from the older Korean pop music of the seventies. This phenomenon is that the older Korean people do not understand the words that come out of the mouths of the singers of Korean pop music that pumps out of the music industry of today in the nation of Korea. This phenomenon parallels that of the pop music of the biggest country of North America—also known by many humans as the United States of America—where older people have trouble connecting with the popular trends in music. This might be illustrated by American people who tend to like country music. If it is not obvious, fans of country music like country music because, as the author of this text has heard, "you can understand [the words]". It is also the tendency that fans of pop music dislike country. These two seem to be mutually exclusive musical tastes. In fact, the older pop of Korea, in the opinion of the author of this text, sounds like country just a wee bit. Trends tend to have the effect that older people can’t understand the words that come out of the mouths of the setters of the trends. Back to our first topic, what is K-pop? It is... ... the rest of the conversation. When asked ‘what you would like to receive as a present for Christmas’ Britney replied, ‘Clothes and accessories’ from which BoA replied, ‘me too’, ending their conversation. However, Britney who had been requesting many fussy conditions during her stay in Korea, left as soon as the concert finished, leaving no further chance for the two stars to talk and the fans disappointed†. In conclusion, K-pop is just like A-pop, with sometimes less talent, sometimes more. Only one thing is certain, eh-hem, analytic and a priori: What exists exists to not not exist. All else: non-analytic, non-empirical. In your head, son. Bibliography KPop Music Video, www.kpopmusic.co.uk KPOP Music.com, www.kpopmusic.com/ solid07 - #1 stop for kpop, www.solid07.net :+: kpop forum :+:, www.kpopforum.cjb.net Kpop.co.uk, www.kpop.co.uk

Anthony Burgess :: essays research papers

John Anthony Burgess Wilson was born on February 25, 1917, in Manchester, England. He was raised up by this aunt and later by his stepmother. He studied at Xaverian College and Manchester University, where he studied English language and literature. During World War II, Burgess served at the Royal Army Medical corps. In 1942 he married Llwela Isherwood Jones, who died of alcoholic cirrhosis in 1968. Burgess taught at Birmingham University, worked for the Ministry of Education, and was a teacher at Banbury Grammar School from 1946 to 1950. His first novel, A Vision of Battlement, was published in 1965. In 1954 Burgess became an education officer in Malaya and Brunei. He wrote his first trilogy Time For A Tiger (1956), The Enemy In The Blanket (1958), and Beds In The East (1959). The work â€Å"juxtaposed the progressive disintegration of a hapless civil servant against the birth of Malayan independence†(). Later, Burgess returned to England and was diagnosed as having a cerebral tumor, and given twelve months to live. Burgess busily wrote novels and reviews, so the money can support his wife. However, the doctor made a mistake; Burgess did not have a tumor. The author lived another 33 years, producing over fifty books and journals. Between 1960 and 1964 Burgess wrote eleven novels. The Wanting Seed (1962) â€Å"depicted an overpopulated England of the future, caught up in the alternating cycles of libertarianism and totalitarianism† ( ). In 1962, he wrote his most famous novel A Clockwork Orange, which made him famous as a satirical novelist. In 1971, the novel was made into a film by Stanley Kubrick. The novel was â€Å"born from the growth of teenage gangs and the universal application of B.F. Skinner's behavior theories in prisons, asylums, and psychiatric clinics† ( ). In 1968, Burgess wrote a humorous novel called Enderby (1968), which â€Å"followed the travels of an unconformist poet in England and the continent† ( ). In 1968, Burgess married an Italian â€Å"countess† ( ). In 1972, he was appointed a literary adviser to the Guthrie Theatre, Minneapolis. Burgess published in the 1970s and 1980s thirty books, among them The Earthly Powers (1980), â€Å"which is considered by many critics Burgess's finest novel. It was narrated by an 81-year-old successful, homosexual writer, Kenneth Toomey, a figure loosely based on W. Somerset Maugham† ( ).

Air asia case study Essay

Awarding large government contracts to Bumiputra companies. 2. Requiring new listings on the Malaysia stock exchange to have an initial 30 per cent Bumiputra equity ownership. 3. The allocation of at least 30 per cent of government contracts for public and private works to Bumiputra contractors. 4. Requiring all private companies to offer employment opportunities to Bumiputras. 5. Ensuring that a minimum of 60 per cent of government procurements, contract work and other related projects be awarded to Bumiputra entrepreneurs. 6. Making government finance available for the exclusive use of Bumiputra business people. The Malaysian government claimed that the NEP fulfilled its goals since the nation was acknowledged as one of the ten fastest-growing economies in the world from 1970 to 1990, a period that coincided with the NEP’s implementation. This conclusion was in agreement with the research on Malaysian economic development3 conducted by the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID) and Institute of Strategic and International Studies in Kuala Lumpur (ISIS Malaysia) (Snodgrass, 1996, p. 1). Despite this and the new policies that superseded the NEP since 1990, the affirmative action programme remains controversial. Indeed, many people believe that the NEP continues to define current government development policies in Malaysia. Critics of the NEP believe that the policy was only partially successful in, for example, reducing socio-economic disparity and encouraging the arrogance of Bumiputras (Anshar, 2008). Research by the Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affair4 (2005, p. xiii) was also critical about the alleged business restrictions that the NEP encouraged – it criticised that these were counterproductive and may even have thwarted the development of a vibrant and resilient business community. 3 The research looks into the Malaysian economic development from 1970 to 1990. Malaysia: An Economy Transformed (2005). This report on the Malaysian business environment prepared by The Economic Analytical Unit (formerly the East Asia Analytical Unit) is part of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and is responsible for publishing reports analysing major trade and economic issues of relevance to Australia. The Entrepreneurial Tony Fernandes If the NEP was restrictive of non-Malay entrepreneurship, how was it possible that Fernandes, a non Bumiputra could emerge as the most celebrated entrepreneur in Malaysia? My research suggests that the NEP did not stifle entrepreneurship and that Fernandes is not the only successful non Bumiputra business person in Malaysia. This is a complex debate, and my doctoral thesis seeks to address it in greater detail. But in this paper I will outline some of the considerations that need to be taken into account in explaining how and why Fernandes rose to become one of Malaysia’s millionaires. Fernandes was born on 30th April 1964 into a family that had no prior knowledge or experience of business; his father was a physician from Goa (India) and his mother was a music teacher of Malaccan-Portuguese descent. In other words, Fernandes came from an Indian-Malaysian family of professionals; the new middle class that emerged in Malaysia from the 1960s. Like many other middle class families, the Fernandes had sufficient wealth to send Fernandes to study in England. Fernandes, at the age of 12, went to London in 1976 to study at Epsom College and attended the London School of Economics in which he graduated in 1987 with a degree in accounting (BusinessWeek, 2009). In total, he spent some 11 years in London, a painful separation from his parents who could not afford to pay for his flights back to Malaysia. It was this experience, according to Brown5 (2010) that gave him an insight into the benefits of perhaps developing cheap international carriers. However, at this stage his career path did not take him into the airline business. Upon graduation from the London School of Economics Fernandes took the normal route of working in accounting jobs. Fernandes worked briefly at Virgin Communications, a television division of the Virgin Group of companies. What did Fernandes learn from Virgin? 5 Kevin Brown is a journalist for the Financial Times. He was appointed Asia regional correspondent for the Financial Times in September 2009, based in Singapore. Prior to this role, he was Asia news editor. Previously, he was the personal finance editor of the Financial Times. The main benefit was the experience of working in a global company, acquiring insights into the running of an international business, and developing an impressive resume which worked in his favour in being appointed to the position of Senior Financial Analyst at Warner Music International6 in London. At Warner, Fernandes showed strong business acumen. He started in 1989 as Senior Financial Analyst, and by 2001, when he resigned from Warner, he was the Vice President, ASEAN region. Within 12 years at Warner he was promoted four times; that is on average he was promoted every three years. Fernandes’ time at Warner Music was significant because it was during this period that Fernandes matured and transformed himself from being a mere accountant into a strategist with an analytical mind. Commentators such as Ionides7 (2004) believed that Fernandes’ ability to think strategically, and understand his environment from a macro perspective, was the reason why Fernandes felt compelled not to be part of Warner’s ill-fated merger with America Online Inc in 2001. This incident was said to be the catalyst for Fernandes’ decision to switch careers after 12 years with Warner. A word of caution is needed: the early history of Fernandes’ emergence as an entrepreneur is based on the business press and journals. As part of my doctoral work I will be examining these issues in greater detail, and therefore reserve the right to correct the narrative as it currently stands. 6 Warner Music International is part of the Warner Music Group which is the third-largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry. Warner Music Group also has a music publishing arm called Warner/Chappell Music, which is currently one of the world’s largest music-publishing companies.

Training and Development of KFC

  Kentucky Fried Chicken has extensive program prepared for the services crews or food service workers in customer service, health and safety, cleaning procedures, and food preparation.   Started with using special combinations of eleven herbs and spices as seasonings, Colonel Sanders (the founder) started the business in Kentucky in the mid 1939 but started its way to franchising business in 1955. After many years of existence, KFC still holds the philosophies and values of hard work and excellent customer service that Colonel instilled in all its stores around the world.   Ã‚  KFC now is one of the brands owned by Yum! Brands, Inc.How their training program connected with the philosophy and mission of the organization (Nationally and internationally)KFC has bolstered its â€Å"Colonel’s Tradition† way of recruiting and training workers.   Albrecht mentioned about some strategies KFC has formulated in order to observe operating efficiencies.   One of those st rategies was the revision of KFC’s crew training programs and operating standards, which is centered on customer service and continued high quality products across the franchises (p. 318).In 1997, with the 5,117 outlets mostly franchised nationally and internationally, KFC knows the importance of controlling the operation especially the service quality and products despite the differences in culture, language, local law, financial markets, and marketing strategies, through the Tricon International division, which is a marketing arm of the company. By means of the consultation process with the Yum! Chief People Officer Strategy, the head office receives feedback from franchise owners about their human resources and training performance.   This gives employees assurance that they receive same training practices and experiences regardless of restaurant ownership.Consistent with the company’s mission and values, it also trains with a status as â€Å"Registered Training Organization† that provides their trainees with nationally accredited qualification once completed the programs. The following are the certificates that could be accumulated: certificate in retail operations, retail supervision, and retail management (â€Å"Training and Retaining†).Steps involved in training their employees (managers and working staff).KFC has a structured orientation and training program for newly hired personnel assigned in Customer Service and Food Service that could give them Nationally Recognized qualification (kfcjob.com).   The traineeship that usually lasts from one to three years will give the employees good credential and good experience, which could give them opportunity for promotion in the future.   Along with their value â€Å"How we work together principle,† KFC has developed a management team that will supervise the career development needs of the employees.   Aside from that, if an employee wants to become a Restaurant Gene ral Management level, he has to attend the ‘Developing Champions’ program.The training programs include manuals, skill checklists, and tracking charts to ensure that trainees learn effectively in enable them to acquire promotion internally.KFC provides different training programs to help increase the skills and performance of the employees. They have STAR2000, helps increase skills and performance; In the Lead program, this prepares employee to become shift supervisor; this training gives the trainee the chance to become Assistant Unit Manager; the Vision I, and Be the Leader program, this helps make one become General Manager at KFC restaurant.   These programs prepare everyone for professional growth in the company.The training is given upon the advice of the Human Resource Department of the company so long as the employee accomplishes a degree of satisfaction upon evaluation of his or her performance.Conceptual model of procedures and steps involved in trainingThe training program has two phases, one is for employees, and the other one is given for franchise employees.   However the program is applied to both to ensure quality service among the KFC personnel. The model schema of KFC training program according to level is shown below:What training program KFC use to train their franchisee employees in host country as well as in oversees?KFC supplies its franchise employee with lots of benefits and support to help it grow in the business such as advertising, coaching, training and sourcing.   As a neophyte, KFC offers trainings called Franchise Management and Leadership courses prior to the operation that usually last to eight weeks for key restaurant personnel through the Yum! University (â€Å"Franchise†).   The program consists of basic product training, leading a shift, leading a restaurant, and leading multiple restaurants.Another training programs are given that can take up to six months during the operation called â€Å"Dev eloping Champions, Area Coach Orientation, and restaurant support centre induction† (Franchise).  KFC provides worldwide support for the learning and institutionalization of key leadership and management program for both company leaders and franchises.While training their employees in overseas, is the KFC organization socially responsible organization if yes why?KFC organization is a socially responsible because it is not only committed in providing career development to its employees, it also responsible in helping maintain healthy diets to its customers.Employees are assured of good career path with KFC around the world because of incentives, benefits, and promotions it offers.   The trainings are not only intended to ensure quality service of the employees but the also serve to give them promotion opportunities.KFC also joined the world’s campaign against poverty.   In a report, KFC and Pizza Huts all over the globe launched the first World Hunger Relief Week o n October 14, 2007 (â€Å"Buy a Meal†).Aside from that, KFC has other means to help the community.   It provides scholars to high school seniors planning to enroll in state-owned colleges or universities, it conducts its business in ethical manner and principles (the ‘How We Work Together’ principle), and their animal welfare program.ConclusionKentucky Fried Chicken Corporation is an example of an entrepreneurial business that started small and grew remarkably.   Its commitment towards efficiency in their service has motivated its founder Colonel to create a unique approach in maintaining quality service and products by means of providing training to the employees for greater efficiency in line with work.   These trainings bring out benefits not only for the company but also for also professional advancement of the employees.Using diverse training programs, the company is assured that they possess quality personnel and crew with one hundred percent retentio n.ReferenceAlbrecht, Maryann H. (2001). International HRM: Managing Diversity in the Workplace. UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.Buy a meal give a meal World Hunger Relief Week. October 14-20, 2007. http://www.kfc.co.uk/charity/charity.aspxFranchise and Business Opportunities for Entrepreneurs. http://www.franchisegator.com/KFC-Kentucky-Fried-Chicken-franchise/Franchise. http://www.kfc.co.uk/about/franchise.aspxKFC (2008). http://www.kfc.com/about/careers.aspTraining and Retaining Great Employees. Financial Review Case Studies. http://www.afrbiz.com.au/page.asp?3652=430506&E_Page=416317&3648=430499&case=430501U+KFC. http://www.kfcjobs.com.au/team/vision-and-values.aspx