Saving Languages Global Concern Over Language

Question: Discuss about theSaving Languagesfor Global Concern Over Language. Answer: Introduction There has been a global concern over language preservation around the world in the last century. A considerable number of languages used by various groups of people face the risk of extinction. Due to this risk, linguists across the world have initiated the debate on whether enough is being done to preserve the native language of the various groups around the globe. In an attempt to achieve language preservation, some positive measures such as education and documentation have been put in place. Nonetheless, these efforts have been accompanied by significant issues such as the rise in the rate at which Indigenous language is being lost among children as well as problems in the funding of the initiatives aimed at enhancing language preservation. This essay discusses the efforts made to enhance language preservation while at the same time gives recommendation to ensure preservation of Indigenous language. There are considerably good efforts that have been adopted around the world in the attempt to ensure language preservation. One of these efforts is the development of an education programme that emphasizes on teaching in the native language to ensure that the language is past down to the new generation hence ensures preservation of the native language. A research conducted by Gibbs (2002) found out that when the native language spoken by the Indigenous groups of California were at the risk of extinction, an education programme developed that ensured 360 hours activities aimed at passing the language to the younger generations saw the Indigenous language preserved. Furthermore, Gibbs states that among the Navajo of the United States, introduction of education programmes emphasizing on the use of Indigenous language during co-curricular activities such as gardening, dancing, singing among other cultural activities saw an improvement in the overall results of the tasks performed. Moreov er, the California society embraced the use of Indigenous language when performing cultural activities as well as during basket weaving. Use of education programmes spread across the world and as a result countries have increasingly embraced the use of Indigenous language. According to Knight (2000) in New Zealand over 8000 new speakers have emerged in the recent past able to speak Indigenous language. Therefore, efforts put in place by linguists to preserve language are baring fruits. Similarly, documentation programmes have been embraced all over the world to boost the efforts towards language preservation. According to Lee (2009), in the recent past, propelled by the emergence of modern technology, linguists across the globe have put significant efforts in documenting Indigenous languages for use by the future generation. Furthermore, according to Gibbs (2000), in an attempt to preserve language in the Netherlands, Linguists moved from home to home listening to and recording the native language. Through this initiative, the linguistics managed to record the native language of Indigenous groups in the Netherlands such as Awti, Ega as well as Walma. Hence language documentation is a good means of ensuring preservation of Indigenous language as it provides a means of passing the native language to the new generation. Nonetheless, in the efforts put in the place to preserve language, the linguists have encountered various issues. Most of the issues faced in language preservation revolve around the idea of the loss of the native language. Through full immersion schooling, the native language is being lost at an increasing speed. Knight (2000) maintains that the rate at which the world is losing the native language is increasing day by day. He points out that over 3400 native languages are at the risk of extinction due to the education programmes being developed in various nations. To him, one language is lost in every ten days across the globe. As the old die, they die with the native language since the programmes put in place have increasingly failed to see language passed down to younger generations. Gibbs further points out that in California, there is a considerable number of languages that are only spoken by the elderly which the younger generation do not comprehend. This problem is occasioned by engaging the younger generation in full-immersion schooling system. In these schools, all activities are carried out in the English language. Additionally, a lack of funding for the initiatives of language preservation has contributed significantly to the increasing loss of Indigenous language. Hence, it is imperative that programmes that support bilingual education systems are developed to ensure that the native language is not abandoned for foreign languages. Most governments have put all efforts towards promoting the international languages at the expense of the native language. Children at a tender age are exposed to foreign languages that are exclusively used in the full-immersion schools making students to abandon their native culture and language. For instance, according to Sherman (2006), children from the Native American background who were subjected to full-immersed English schools in the North American region ended up embracing an attitude associated with the American culture in the long run undermining their native culture and history. In conclusion, linguists have in deed put in significant efforts in ensuring language preservation across the world. Through education and documentation programmes, the native language is increasingly being passed down to the new generation hence the future of the native languages is bright. However, there is need for all stakeholders to channel enough resources towards language preservation to make the efforts of linguists successful. Bibliography Abrams, L.S. and Gibbs, J.T., 2000. Planning for school change school-community collaboration in a full-service elementary school. Urban Education, 35(1), pp.79-103. Lee, K.A.H., 2009. Preservation of Rare Languages. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 25(2), pp.90-91. Knight, P.T. and Trowler, P.R., 2000. Department-level cultures and the improvement of learning and teaching. Studies in higher education, 25(1), pp.69-83. Siculus, D., Sherman, C.L., Welles, B.C., Geer, R.M. and Walton, F.R., 2006. The library of history (pp. 12-53). Harvard University Press.

Computer R Us Company

Introduction The Computer R Us Company received numerous complaints about the services offered in their CompleteCare division.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Computer R Us Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After thorough investigations into the complaints, the management established that the division was experiencing problems as a result of inadequacy of trained operators and problems with distribution and availability of parts. In response to these problems, the management came up with four initiatives that aimed at improving customer satisfaction. In this paper, analysis will be carried using various tools to establish the effectiveness of the initiatives that were put in place. Research design Sampling technique This research was conducted using research survey study approach. Data was collected using a questionnaire that had three sections. The first part required personal information, that is, a ge and gender. In the second section a Likert scale of ten points was used to collect some data. The final section focused on determinants of customer satisfaction. Four questions were asked in this section and each had a Likert scale of ten points. The random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 500 customers (Kothari, 2004). The questionnaires were sent to the 500 customers and only 420 responded. In order to collect the data necessary for this study, several steps will be taken to ensure that appropriate care is taken to protect the participants. There are no universally accepted determinants of customer satisfaction ((Verbeek, 2008). Besides, the results of previous studies do not give conclusive result on the most effective determinant. Therefore, the attributes used by the management of Computer R Us to improve the level of customer satisfaction are a sample of what other companies use (Zikmund, Babin, Carr, Griffin, 2012).Advertising Looking for case study o n business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysis The first test show that the overall satisfaction is statistically different from 6 out of 10. The calculated mean is 4.4881 and it is less than the goal. The result of the second question shows that the overall satisfaction of female customers is higher than that of male customers. Therefore, there is a need to improve the level of satisfaction of the male customers. The results of the third question indicate that there is no difference in the level of satisfaction across the different age groups. Further, tests on question five shows that there is no difference in gender composition across the five age groups. The fifth test reveals that customers tend to be more satisfied with the loyalty rewards program than response times in the CompleteCare division. Therefore, the management needs to improve the response time in the division. The final test shows that all the fo ur initiatives have a potential of improving customer satisfaction. Further, response time of the CompleteCare division and level of advice CompleteCare staff provides on Computers R Us products have more impact than the other two initiatives (Baltagi, 2011). Recommendations The results of hypothesis testing show that the management did not achieve their goal. For the company to achieve the target of 6 out of 10, the management needs to consider the recommendations listed below. Decrease the response time of the CompleteCare division. This can be achieved by increasing the number of well trained personnel and equipment that can facilitate service delivery at the division. The company should introduce a rating system that can be used by customers continuously. The management should also focus on improving the level of satisfaction of the male customers. The management should train the CompleteCare staff on a continuous basis. This will improve the quality of advice they give clients . References Baltagi, G. (2011). Econometrics. New York: Springer Publisher Kothari, J. (2004). Research methodology: methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limited Publishers.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Computer R Us Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Verbeek, M. (2008). A guide to modern econometrics. England: John Wiley Sons. Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J., Griffin, M. (2012). Business research methods. USA: Cengage Learning. Appendix: Hypothesis testing Does the current level of customer satisfaction differ from management’s goal of 6 out of 10? Hypothesis H0: The current level of customer satisfaction = 6. H1: The current level of customer satisfaction ≠  6. Statistical technique In this case a one sample t-test will be used to test the hypothesis. Justification One sample t-test is most suitable for evaluating a hypothesis that compares the actual mean and hypothesized mean. Results of the test Variable 1 Variable 2 Mean 4.488095238 6 Variance 5.505824526 0 Observations 420 420 Pearson Correlation Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 419 t Stat -13.20498454 P(T=t) one-tail 7.85063E-34 t Critical one-tail 1.64849841 P(T=t) two-tail 1.57013E-33 t Critical two-tail 1.965641842 t Stat -13.20498454 t Critical two-tail 1.965641842 P(T=t) two-tail 1.57013E-33 Interpretation The results show that t-calculated is greater than t-critical. Also, the p-value (1.57013E-33) is less than alpha (5%). Therefore, the null hypothesis will be rejected at the 95% confidence level. This implies that the current level of customer satisfaction differ from management’s goal of 6 out of 10.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Is there any difference between the overall satisfaction of male and female customers at Computers R Us? Hypothesis H0: Overall satisfaction of male customers = overall satisfaction of female customers at computer R Us. H1: Overall satisfaction of male customers ≠  overall satisfaction of female customers at computer R Us. Statistical technique In this case, a paired sample t-test will be used to test the hypothesis. Justification A paired sample t-test is the most suitable for testing hypothesis that compared the mean of two related variables. Results of the test t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances Female Male Mean 3.589430894 5.75862069 Variance 4.27564294 4.507873231 Observations 246 174 Pooled Variance 4.371757391 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 Df 418 t Stat -10.47338477 P(T=t) one-tail 2.98994E-23 t Critical one-tail 1.648507149 P(T=t) two-tail 5.97988E-23 t Critical two-tail 1.965655464 Interpretation In the results, the mean a nd variance of overall satisfaction for the male is greater than that of the female group. Further, t-calculated is greater than t-critical. Also, the p-value is less than alpha (5%). Therefore, the null hypothesis will be rejected at the 95% confidence level. This implies that there is a difference between the overall satisfaction of male and female customers of the company. Are there any differences in the overall customer satisfaction across the following age groups: under 20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51 and over? Hypothesis H0: There is no difference in the overall satisfaction across the various age groups. H1: The overall satisfaction of at least one age group is different from the others. Statistical technique In this case, analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used to test the hypothesis. Justification ANOVA is the most suitable technique for testing hypothesis that entails comparing mean for more than one group. One way ANOVA will be used because there is only one independent va riable. Results of the test Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Under 20 47 180 3.829787 6.579093432 21-30 109 501 4.59633 6.150356779 31-40 105 466 4.438095 5.786996337 41-50 107 485 4.53271 4.647504849 over 50 52 253 4.865385 4.236425339 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 29.52282 4 7.380705 1.344941124 0.252492 2.393438 Within Groups 2277.418 415 5.487753 Total 2306.94 419 Interpretation In the results above, the value of F-calculated is less than the F-critical. Besides, the p-value is greater than alpha (5%). Therefore, the null hypothesis will not be rejected at the 95% confidence level. This implies that there is no difference in the overall satisfaction across the various age groups. Are there any differences in the gender compositions across the five age groups? Hypothesis H0: There are no differences in gender composition across the five ag e groups. H1: Gender composition is different in at least one of the age groups. Statistical technique Analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used to test the hypothesis. Justification ANOVA is the most suitable technique for testing hypothesis that entail comparing mean for more than one group. One way ANOVA will be used because there is only one independent variable (Verbeek, 2008). Results of the test Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Under 20 47 20 0.425532 0.249769 21-30 109 47 0.431193 0.247537 31-40 105 43 0.409524 0.244139 41-50 107 41 0.383178 0.238582 over 50 52 23 0.442308 0.251508 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 0.18386 4 0.045965 0.18751 0.944872 2.393438 Within Groups 101.7304 415 0.245134 Total 101.9143 419 Interpretation In the results above, the value of F-calculated is less than the F-critical. Besides, the p-value is greater than alpha ( 5%). Therefore, the null hypothesis will not be rejected at the 95% confidence level. This implies that there are no differences in gender composition across the five age groups. Is there any difference in customer satisfaction based upon ‘response times in the CompleteCare division’ and the ‘loyalty rewards program’? Hypothesis H0: Customer satisfaction based upon response times in the CompleteCare division = the customer satisfaction based upon loyalty reward program. H1: Customer satisfaction based upon response times in the CompleteCare division ≠  the customer satisfaction based upon loyalty reward program. Statistical technique In this case, a paired sample t-test will be used to test the hypothesis. Justification A paired sample t-test is the most suitable for testing hypothesis that compared the mean of two related variables (Verbeek, 2008). Results of the test t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means Response time Loyalty reward program M ean 3.242857143 5.645238095 Variance 4.222502557 7.842817366 Observations 420 420 Pearson Correlation -0.011950135 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 Df 419 t Stat -14.09404771 P(T=t) one-tail 1.69112E-37 t Critical one-tail 1.64849841 P(T=t) two-tail 3.38224E-37 t Critical two-tail 1.965641842 Interpretation The results show that t-calculated is greater than t-critical. Also, the p-value is less than alpha (5%). Therefore, the null hypothesis will be rejected at the 95% confidence level. This implies that there are differences in customer satisfaction based upon response times in the CompleteCare division and the loyalty rewards program. Are any of the initiatives proposed by management related to the overall satisfaction of Computers R Us customers? Hypothesis H0: The initiatives proposed by the management are determinants of the overall satisfaction of Computer R Us customers. H1: The initiatives proposed by the management are not determinants of the ov erall satisfaction of Computer R Us customers Statistical technique In this case, a multiple regression analysis will be used. Justification Multiple regression analysis is used to model the relationship between one dependent variable and other explanatory variables. Results of the test SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.965602191 R Square 0.932387592 Adjusted R Square 0.931735906 Standard Error 0.613066164 Observations 420 ANOVA Df SS MS F Significance F Regression 4 2150.962676 537.7407 1430.732 3.3062E-241 Residual 415 155.9778006 0.37585 Total 419 2306.940476 Coefficients Standard Error t-Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 0.896561298 0.103883791 8.630425 1.32E-16 0.69235727 1.10076533 0.69235727 1.100765326 Response time 0.86471784 0.03836737 22.53785 4.92E-74 0.789299227 0.94013645 0.789299227 0.940136454 Level of advice 0 .271037316 0.041145932 6.58722 1.36E-10 0.190156892 0.35191774 0.190156892 0.351917739 Level of communication -0.01775345 0.021480889 -0.82648 0.409009 -0.05997837 0.02447146 -0.05997836 0.024471457 Loyalty reward program 0.007973903 0.010696359 0.745478 0.456405 -0.01305189 0.0289997 -0.01305189 0.0289997 Interpretation The F-test will be used to test the overall significance of the regression model. The p-value for the F – test is less than alpha (0.05). Therefore, reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the four determinants are significant determinants of the overall customer satisfaction. Further, the p-value for response time and level of advice are greater than alpha (0.05). This implies that they are significant determinants of overall customer satisfaction of the company. This case study on Computer R Us Company was written and submitted by user Allison H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fall of Saigon in the Vietnam War

Fall of Saigon in the Vietnam War The Fall of Saigon occurred on April 30, 1975, at the end of the Vietnam War. Commanders North Vietnam General Van Tien DungColonel General Tran Van Tra South Vietnam Lieutenant General Nguyen Van ToanMayor Nguyen Hop Doan Fall of Saigon Background In December 1974, the Peoples Army of North Vietnam (PAVN) began a series of offensives against South Vietnam. Though they achieved success against the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), American planners believed that South Vietnam would be able to survive at least until 1976. Commanded by General Van Tien Dung, PAVN forces quickly gained the upper hand against the enemy in early 1975 as he directed assaults against the Central Highlands of South Vietnam. These advances also saw PAVN troops capture the key cities of Hue and Da Nang on March 25 and 28. American Concerns Following the loss of these cities, Central Intelligence Agency officers in South Vietnam began to question whether the situation could be rescued without large-scale American intervention. Increasingly concerned about the safety of Saigon, President Gerald Ford ordered planning to commence for the evacuation of American personnel. Debate ensued as Ambassador Graham Martin wished any evacuation to occur quietly and slowly to prevent panic whereas the Department of Defense sought a rapid departure from the city. The result was a compromise in which all but 1,250 Americans were to be quickly withdrawn. This number, the maximum that could be carried in a single days airlift, would remain until Tan Son Nhat airport was threatened. In the meantime, efforts would be made to remove as many friendly South Vietnamese refugees as possible. To aid in this effort, Operations Babylift and New Life were initiated in early April and flew out 2,000 orphans and 110,000 refugees respectively. Through the month of April, Americans departed Saigon through the Defense Attachà ©s Office (DAO) compound at Tan Son Nhat. This was complicated as many refused to leave their South Vietnamese friends or dependents. PAVN Advances On April 8, Dung received orders from the North Vietnamese Politburo to press his attacks against the South Vietnamese. Driving against Saigon in what became known as the Ho Chi Minh Campaign, his men encountered the final line of ARVN defenses at Xuan Loc the next day. Largely held by the ARVN 18th Division, the town was a vital crossroads northeast of Saigon. Ordered to hold Xuan Loc at all costs by South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu, the badly outnumbered 18th Division repelled PAVN attacks for nearly two weeks before being overwhelmed. With the fall of Xuan Loc on April 21, Thieu resigned and denounced the United States for failing to provide needed military aid. The defeat at Xuan Loc effectively opened the door for PAVN forces to sweep on to Saigon. Advancing, they encircled the city and had nearly 100,000 men in place by April 27. That same day, PAVN rockets began hitting Saigon. Two days later, these began to damage the runways at Tan Son Nhat. These rocket attacks led the American defense attachà ©, General Homer Smith, to advise Martin that any evacuation would need to be carried out by helicopter. Operation Frequent Wind As the evacuation plan relied on the use of fixed-wing aircraft, Martin demanded the embassys Marine guards to take him to the airport to see the damage firsthand. Arriving, he was forced to agree with Smiths assessment. Learning that the PAVN forces were advancing, he contacted Secretary of State Henry Kissinger at 10:48 AM and requested permission to activate the Frequent Wind evacuation plan. This was immediately granted and the American radio station began repeat playing White Christmas which was the signal for American personnel to move to their evacuation points. Due to the runway damage, Operation Frequent Wind was conducted using helicopters, largely CH-53s and CH-46s, which departed from the DAO Compound at Tan Son Nhat. Leaving the airport they flew out to American ships in the South China Sea. Through the day, buses moved through Saigon and delivered Americans and friendly South Vietnamese to the compound. By evening over 4,300 people had been evacuated through Tan Son Nhat. Though the US Embassy was not intended to be a major departure point, it became one when many became stranded there and were joined by thousands of South Vietnamese hoping to claim refugee status. As a result, flights from the embassy continued through the day and late into the night. At 3:45 AM on April 30, the evacuation of refugees at the embassy was halted when Martin received direct orders from Ford to leave Saigon. He boarded a helicopter at 5:00 AM and was flown to USS Blue Ridge. Though several hundred refugees remained, the Marines at embassy departed at 7:53 AM. Aboard Blue Ridge, Martin desperately argued for helicopters to return to the embassy but was blocked by Ford. Having failed, Martin was able to convince him to allow ships to remain offshore for several days as a haven for those fleeing. The Operation Frequent Wind flights met little opposition from PAVN forces. This was the result of the Politburo ordering Dung to hold fire as they believed interfering with the evacuation would bring American intervention. Though the American evacuation effort had ended, South Vietnamese helicopters and aircraft flew out additional refugees to the American ships. As these aircraft were unloaded, they were pushed overboard to make room for new arrivals. Additional refugees reached the fleet by boat. Fall of Saigon Bombarding the city on April 29, Dung attacked early the next day. Led by the 324th Division, PAVN forces pushed into Saigon and quickly moved to capture key facilities and strategic points around the city. Unable to resist, newly-appointed President Duong Van Minh ordered ARVN forces to surrender at 10:24 AM and sought to peacefully hand over the city. Uninterested in receiving Minhs surrender, Dungs troops completed their conquest when tanks plowed through the gates of the Independence Palace and hoisted the North Vietnamese flag at 11:30 AM. Entering the palace, Colonel Bui Tin found Minh and his cabinet waiting. When Minh stated that he wished to transfer power, Tin replied, â€Å"There is no question of your transferring power. Your power has crumbled. You cannot give up what you do not have.† Completely defeated, Minh announced 3:30 PM that the South Vietnamese government was fully dissolved. With this announcement, the Vietnam War effectively came to an end. Sources HistoryNet: Fall of SaigonBBC: Fall of SaigonUSNI: Operation Frequent Wind

Ehret.Marcia and Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ehret.Marcia and Creation - Essay Example There could be two major audiences. First, we are told that God used the pronoun ‘us’ in saying â€Å"Let us create man in our own image†. The first audience therefore were the supposedly accomplishes (Angels and Jesus) with whom God created the universe and humankind. The second audience however is the people ‘They’ were creating. It was to be a living legacy to enable humankind know his roots and origin. There are 2 accts of creation in Genesis because there were two classes of creatures (Breeden, 2011). First, the universe and secondly humankind. God grouped His creation into these groups and the latter was to have dominion over the former. It is for the reason of such groupings that there are different accounts. Breeden T. ‘Two Different Creation Accounts in Genesis 1 & 2? Or Two Complementary  Accounts?’ http://siriusknotts.wordpress.com/2011/03/20/two-different-creation-accounts-in-genesis-1-2-or-two-complementary-accounts/ . 2011. Web. July 4,

Beslan Barricade Incident Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Beslan Barricade Incident - Case Study Example When Gorbachev dissolved the communist party and formed the Common Wealth of Independent States (CIS) this gave most of the Soviet Socialists states their independence but the economical relationship still existed. Russia's economy was in a state of total disarray in the mid 90's and the economy almost collapsed in the 1997 when the Russian government had to stop the trading of the rubble on the international market, when the September 11 attacks took place, the United States of America retaliated with attacking Afghanistan and this caused major changes in the world, the oil rich countries received a shock and as if Afghanistan wasn't enough the USA followed it up by attacking Iraq and hence the oil prices rocketed sky high and this is what helped Russia the most because its economy started recuperating on the back of rising oiling prices. This was a major point because Russia is now able to repay debts before time and has since been able to throw around its weight on the political s cenario that is quickly developing and evolving into a multi polar stage rather than being just uni-polar with Britain and Russia being the countries that have been able to voice their concerns and also do something to follow up with those voices. In 1994 the first Chechen war was fought and due to a lack of planning from the Russian military they had to face a lot of casualties and were demoralized very early into the war, it last 2 years and after that a peace treaty was signed. This treaty was not able to guarantee any peace and the second Chechen war started in 1999 with Russia showing its might and bombarding the area using its air force, followed up by a ground attack and hence they were successful this time around in capturing Chechnya. In February of 2000 the Russians were finally able to capture Groznyy but the fighters of different militant groups vowed to keep up the resistance till death or freedom and this is the reason that this issue needs to be resolved and resolved quickly because this could turn into a breeding ground for terrorist organizations and once that happens it would be very difficult to have a secure Russia, that could effect the economy and the bubble might burst on the investments front if this situation is not resolved properly. The capture of Groznyy in 2000 was a political as well as a military victory for a newly appointed president, Vladimir Putin and his stance in this issue was definitive to him being selected as the president of Russia till March of 2008. Russian Point of View: The Russian point of view on this issue is one that can be called rational and irrational both at the same time. Russia fears that if Chechnya is granted freedom then other states would also want a free state and this could refuel rebel movements that have died down in other states because then they would know that if they pursue the course that the chechnyan rebel leaders and people took then they too can have independence. This fear of being disintegrated is a very rational one because Russia is one of the most diversified countries in the world, diversified in language, culture and ethnicity and these are very strong lines along which one can press for freedom because entire countries have been granted freedom before on the basis of religion and language. The other

Disadvantages Of In Store Shopping Marketing Essay

Disadvantages Of In Store Shopping Marketing Essay ABSTRACT: SHOPPING: In this paper I would like to investigate about the topic depends upon shopping. In shopping there are two ways to purchase the product. One is online shopping and other one is In-store shopping. Every human being is aware of shopping even for a small product. ONLINE SHOPPING: Online shopping is the most easiest and perfect way for the people to purchase their products. Most of the people addicted to online shopping. Thousands of websites are available for online shopping. Online shopping is thus very helpful for the people who purchase the product in daily basis. To purchase the product through online, customer should own a pc or laptop. It is not in particular that he should own pc or laptop. But main thing is the computer, if people need to purchase through online. Now a day the world is growing enormously in many technologies. Many modern new technology mobile phones do have internet facilities. So it is the other way for the people to purchase the product through mobile phones if they got internet connection. There are some requirements needed to purchase the product through online. A customer should have a valid email address, so that they get the confirmation of the product what they have ordered. The next thing is customer should have a pay-pal acc ount or credit/debit card to pay the amount for their product. If the payment is credited in sellers account the product will be delivered through postage to the concerned address of the customer within the due date mentioned. And there are advantages and disadvantages in online shopping. They are going to be listed below. ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPPING: With the advent of ubiquitous technology, the trend of online shopping has gained increasing popularity. Additionally, in an age where businesses have become highly competitive, online shopping is viewed as a means to reach consumers worldwide.  Ã‚  There are several online shopping websites that offer a range of products and services to customers. The primary advantage of online shopping is regarded as convenience. This factor encompasses both time and effort spent on shopping. Many consumers believe that is easier to find a product online, as opposed to finding it in a store. Further, online shopping provides one with the luxury to shop from any preferred location and no time is wasted on travel from ones home to a store. Moreover, the availability of Internet without any time restrictions enables shoppers to spend as much time as they need in choosing a product. Another beneficial characteristic of online shopping is the availability of reviews on a chosen product. There are multiple forums for consumers to exchange information online and make a wiser, more informed decision. In addition to the benefits it offers to individuals, online shopping saves human labour as customers help themselves by browsing online and do not require assistance. Moreover, consumers are more inclined to make a decision solely based on their preferences as they are freed from the pressure to buy from vendors. Online shopping also offers consumers with an infinite variety to choose from, as the Internet is not restricted by geographical boundaries. Shoppers have the option of browsing through a wide range that has the potential to satisfy them. Product comparison, by way of price, features, etc. is more easily facilitated with online shopping, whilst involving minimal effort. DISADVANTAGES: Although there are advantages to online shopping, there are a number of demerits as well. On account of privacy issues, many people do not shop online. This is regarded as the primary reason for non-online shoppers. Credit card fraud and use of personal information for other purposes are other major concerns.  Ã‚   Another concern is around inability to experience fully functional products, such as apparel, perfume, electronics, etc. online. Illustratively, many consumers feel apprehensive about purchasing clothes as they cannot feel the texture or check the colour closely online, when compared to shopping in a retail store.  Ã‚  This goes on to show that product category risk is a significant disadvantage to online shopping. Put differently, many online shoppers feel that products may not be as functional as they appear when viewed online. Another disadvantage that comes to the forefront is that despite having a plethora of choices online, consumers may have limited cognitive resources and in all likelihood, may not be able to process potentially vast amounts of information.  Ã‚  Additionally, in this day and age, shopping is more than choosing and buying a product. It is often regarded as a good means to making social connections. People enjoy shopping with friends and family and this joy may be lost when shopping independently online. Finally, as is evident, the use of a computer and an Internet connection is a pre-requisite for online shopping. This ensures that only consumers above a certain income and those that are technologically well versed avail of the facility. INSTORE SHOPPING: In-store shopping, in the recent years has faced a strong competition with online shopping. It is not an easy task to rate the better mode of shopping and both means have their highs and lows. While a mass of people might still prefer shopping in store due to aesthetics and convenience, some others who are more well- versed with the internet and its usages would opt for shopping online as that is more feasible for them. Online and in store shopping may be compared in terms of convenience, quality checks, aesthetics, special offers and method of payment. Given below are some advantages and disadvantages of in store shopping: ADVANTAGES OF IN STORE SHOPPING: The main advantage of in-store shopping is the ability to visibly see the products while buying them. Transactions are immediate and there is no need to wait for products to be shipped and delivered to you. There are no issues facing customers such as tracking parcels, shipment to wrong addresses, etc making in- store shopping all the more easy to handle. When it comes to food articles, for instance it is essential to be aware of the manufactured and expiry dates, quality standards of the products as well as thorough comparison between various brands and product ranges. Another convenience is the ability to choose your method of payment- be it via a credit card or by cash. You also have the enjoyment of shopping in store with appropriate ambiences and customer services provided by staff. You receive adequate information on products if need be and can depend on shop floor assistants to help you out with any queries. Since there is no usage of the internet and computer during in- store shopping it eliminates the fear of privacy issues relating to bank details and debit/ credit numbers. With rising chances of frauds in todays world of business, people prefer to be more precautious and shop in- store. (Associated content, 2007). Although a majority of the world is now becoming tech savvy, there is still a major portion of the world that dislikes the use of computers and the internet and would prefer buying their products in- store. DIS- ADVANTAGES OF IN- STORE SHOPPING: The main disadvantage would be in terms of convenience. People may not have the time to leisurely commit to shopping in- store and therefore prefer buying products online. Customers who prefer a wide range of products under one roof may not find shopping in- store ideal due to its limited reliability. Availability of stocks can also be an issue if inefficient stock controls exist. Another key drawback is the disability to access stores 24 hours. People who work late hours prefer ordering products online as it is inconvenient to them to find to visit stores. Another disadvantage of in- store shopping can be the lack of discounted prices and offers around the year. It is witnessed that stores have sales and best buys only on occasions such as Christmas, New Year, etc. As opposed to this online shopping, for example is viable to have discounts throughout the year attracting many more customers who prefer this mode of shopping. Due to the need of efficient staff and assistants in the sto ck rooms and shop floors, inefficiencies of the same can cause a huge damage to reputation of the company in relation to customer service and availability of products. This also goes with customers being treated with dis-respect by members of staff and not providing the right information. Although in- store shopping has its disadvantages, it should be stated that it is still a much sought after method of shopping. DATA COLLECTION: For researching this type of problem there are numerous ways in data collection. This data collection is used to collect the data from the people to know what they think from their side by looking our data. FOCUS GROUP: Focus group interview is called as qualitative data collection. The focus group interview is a challenge for most researchers. It is a group of people interview. The focus group interview is the method used by the members of people to collect the data. The focus group interview is conducting with 10 to 15 people. In focus group we will get different answers from different people and will be an argument with them while doing the interview. The interviewer will gather much information about their topic what they focussed on the focus group with the people. In focus group the information gathered by the interviewer makes a good statistics for their topic to investigate. They will get valid points for their topic from the focus group interview people and will do their research with their conclusions. QUESTIONNAIRE: Questionnaire is the other methods to collect data. Questionnaire method is called as quantitative data collection. It is the best way to gather large amount of data from the people in a possible way. The questionnaire satisfies the user needs. It allows a person who answers a request for information carefully without when someone tries to interfere in a situation like interview. By doing this questionnaire we can gather large amount of information from people at the same time. The way of questionnaire is standard, because it has many more objective comparing with interviews. The questionnaire is the shortest way to gather information from the people because we will give the choice to pick one among them. So people who are participating in the questionnaire dont need to waste their time to think for their answers. Options will be provided in the questionnaire. So the people who are conducting questionnaire will get the response easily from the participants for their answers. INTERVIEW: In interview there are many ways. But the interview stands as a main and major part in human beings life. Everyone do attend interview to get in a high position and for the money. Without interview the world in empty. Interview makes the man perfect. Thus interview proves the person bout their ability, strength and weakness. Face to face interview plays a major role in interview. There are many interview methods are there. They are In-depth interview Direct interview Formal interview Informal interview Structured interview Unstructured interview This is also one of the way to collect data collection. STATISTICAL DATA: Age 18-25 26-35 36-50 Above 50 Gender Male Female Ethnic Background White British Asian (Please Specify) ___________________________________________________ Asian British Black or Black British-African What kind of shopping do you prefer? On-line shopping In-store shopping Do you have internet facility at your home? Yes No Do you think On-line shopping saves your time? Yes No Do you have basic computer knowledge? Yes No How often do you purchase? Most Often Often Rarely Average Never What do you mostly buy through online? Clothes Gadgets Tickets Food Beverages All the above Others (Please specify)_____________________________ What makes you to purchase the product? Brand-name Quality Cost Depends upon the shop Do you think paying money for the product in online is secure? Yes No Not sure What service would you prefer for settling the amount? Pay-pal Credit/ debit Cheque Cash Is Variety of globally product the Factors Influencing Online Shopping Decision? Strongly agree Agree Average Disagree Strongly disagree Null Hypothesis H0: There is no difference between the shopping trends of UCLAN students, considering the students who shop online and the students who shop in-store, all the students belonging to UCLAN. Alternative Hypotheses H1: There is a difference between the shopping trends of UCLAN students, considering the students who shop online and the students who shop in-store, all the students belonging to UCLAN. NULL HYPOTHESIS H0: Considering question 4 8 from questionnaire o find Null Hypothesis. What kind of shopping do you prefer? On-line shopping In-store shopping How often do you purchase? Most Often Often Rarely Average Never CONTINGENCY TABLE R: To find the contingency R the question 8 is splitted with question 4 to find the test result R. Most Often Often Rarely Average Online Shopping 26 12 4 8 In-store Shopping 13 8 4 5 Most Often and Often are merged in Most Often/Often. Most Often/Often Rarely Average Online Shopping 38 4 8 In-store shopping 21 4 5 The total no of Online Shopping and In-store Shopping Most Often/Often Rarely Average Total Online Shopping 38 4 8 50 In-store shopping 21 4 5 30 To find the value of E: (Row total * column total) E = Overall total The E should be calculated by Most Often/Often Rarely Average O E O E O E Online shopping 38 36.875 4 5 8 8.125 In-store Shopping 21 22.125 4 3 5 4.875 CHI SQUARE: TEST STATISTICS: X 2 = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [(O-E)2/E] Observed Frequency (O) Expected Frequency(E) [(O-E)2/E] 38 36.875 0.034 21 22.125 0.057 4 5 0.2 4 3 0.333 8 8.125 0.001 5 4.875 0.03 Total 0.655 X 2 = 0.655 CRITICAL VALUES: Degree of freedom is calculated by Critical Values. Degree Of Freedom= ( rows 1) * ( columns 1) = (2 1) * ( 3- 1) = 2 Degrees of freedom 5% significance level 1% significance level 0.1% significance level 2 5.99 9.21 13.82 The values calculated by chi square x2 > 5%, 1% and 0.1%. The value of x2= 0.655 is not a in a significance level for 5% level. Hence there is a strong statement for null hypothesis stating that there is no difference between the shopping trends of UCLAN students, considering the students who shop online and the students who shop in-store, all the students belonging to UCLAN. So there will be no use of testing alternative test.

Crucial Effect Of The Cuban Missile Crisis Essay -- History, Nuclear W

Since the Cuban Revolution of 1959, tension and problematic situations have arose between the United States and Cuba (US-Cuba Relations 1). Before America helped Cuba fight of the Spanish for their independence, the Americans had strong political and economical affairs within the island (US-Cuba Relations 1). But, since the Cubans created a nation of their own, they blocked the Americans from many freedoms within Cuba (US-Cuba Relations 1). Although there are many examples of the tension between America and Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis had the most crucial effect on their long lasting feud. The main reason for the crucial effect of the Cuban Missile Crisis comes from the fact that this event was the closest the world has ever been to a nuclear war. In 1962, America was very prepared with their nuclear weapons, being able to attack the Soviet Union with missiles if necessary (Overview of the Crisis 1). But the disadvantage to the Soviets was that their missiles could only be used within Europe. As a result, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev proposed the idea of placing their missile launching centres in Cuba, making their distance from the United States very slim (Overview of the Crisis 1). Since Castro was fearing another American attack, he approved the proposal of placing missiles on his island. By 1962, the Soviets had started placing missiles in Cuba, and that was when the crisis began (Overview of the Crisis 1). On October 15, 1962, photos were taken from American airplanes revealing the missions of the Soviet missiles in Cuba (Overview of the Crisis 1). On Octob er 22, President Kennedy took matters into his own hands by announcing the reveal of missiles in Cuba (Overview of the Crisis 1). He announced his mission to q... ...was a powerful source of the tension that still exists between America and Cuba, but since it remains to separate the two countries from each other, it does not prove as significant as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Therefore, the strength of the Cuban Missile Crisis proves to be the strongest of all events that represent tension between the United States and Cuba. In conclusion, the Cuban Missile Crisis proves to have had a large impact on our world today. Whether it is through the way we consider how we avoided a nuclear war, learnt a lesson of resolution, or compare it’s significance to other events between Cuba and America, this crucial event has shown a significant part in North American and European history. Although there are many examples of the tension between America and Cuba, the Cuban Missile Crisis had the most crucial effect on their long lasting feud.